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CONTENTS
Beginners Start Here 4
Discover the benefits a disk drive can bring to your system.
Disk Commands 7
Understanding Direct Access Commands
Disk Editing 12
You can recover scratched tiles and much more when you can edit disks.
Track Sector Editor 19
How 10 make full use of your editor.
DIR Cover 24
Stop wasting time lo find a specific program - create a handy check list
1541 Fast Loader 27
Speed up ihe notorious 1541 disk drive.
Menu Maker 31
Don't rely on memory - make a menu
L he Your Commodore Disk Users Handbook is packed full of
vital information and programs for owners, and potential buyers, of
all Commodore disk drives.
If you are new to your disk drive then our beginners article will
supplement the manual and help you discover the joys of using a disk
drive. If you are a more advanced user, the article on disk commands
will expand your knowledge so that you can talk directly to the drive.
Learn how to read a directory from within Basic and much more.
For those readers wanting to go even further with their disk drive we
give a detailed description of the disk structure and details of how to
use this information with a disk editor, including how to resurrect
scratched files.
The programs
As well as the articles already mentioned, this supplement also holds a
variety of useful programs. Owners of die Commodore 1541 disk drive,
which has often been described as a lumbering hippo, can speed loading up
with our 1541 Fast Loader.
Should your appetite be whetted by our Disk Editing article then you can
type in our Track/Sector Editor and give it a whirl yourself
Should you have a large number of programs in your disk collection then
our last two programs will be invaluable. The first. DIR cover, will produce
your own disk library sleeves on your printer. The program is totally in
Basic and can therefore easily be altered to suit any printer.
The second program is a C64 menu generator. This wilt place a menu of
selected files on your disk. You can then use this menu to load any of the
selected programs with ease.
All in all. whatever your technical ability, the Your Commodore Disk-
Users Handbook will provide you with something to suit your needs.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
3
DISK GUIDE
Beginners
Start Here
If you're the proud owner of a disk drive, you'll already
be discovering the benefits it can bring to your system.
Read on for more info.
By Tony Hetherington
\>S ongratulations!, if you've just
bought a disk drive, then you're at last
tree of the frustration of waiting 15-20
minutes for a game to load. At last you
can load and save your own
programmes in seconds and can access
the huge library of disk-based
software. If you haven't already added
a disk drive to your system but are
wondering whether it would be
worthwhile, then read on as we delve
into the delights that lie ahead.
Apart from the considerable
reductions in loading time, which is
worthwhile on its own. a disk based
system means you can now use bigger
programs as although they can't use
the whole of the' disk storage space
(about I70K) at the same time
information can be loaded in as and
when required. If you don't think
I70K is enough you could run up to
four disk drives from your C64 at any
one time or store your data on more
than one disk.
Finally, a disk based system is a lot
more flexible than a cassette because as
there is two-way communication
between your C64 and the disk drive,
any piece of information on a disk can
be quickly read, altered and rewritten
in a few seconds. This is why nearly all
business software such as word
processors, databases and spreadsheets
are disk based.
What is a disk?
A disk is a, flat disc of magnetic
material made from a thicker version
of the material used to make cassette
tpes. The disk is then sandwiched
between two sheets of special material
that gently cleans any dirt off, as it
spins in the disk drive. This is then
sealed in a plastic cover to protect it
from scratching, and any dirt, grime
and grease that could damage the disk
by handling it.
The plastic sleeve has several
cutout sections which allows the disk
drives head to read the information on
the disk, slots to guide the disk to the
coorrect place in the drive and a write-
proiect notch or hole. The driv e senses
the hole and allows new information to
be written to the disk. Since this can
mean writing over important data you
can "write protect' a disk by sticking a
lable over the notch. This tell the drive
to stop any commands that would
write on the disk. Most blank disks are
supplied with a sheet of write protect
labels.
It's worth taking care of your disks
as damaging part of one could ruin the
whole disk. After all. 170k of data is a
lot to lose! The following tips are
worth following as they could save you
a lot of time and spare you a lot of
inconvenience.
1 Only touch the plastic sleeves and
handle disks gently at all times. A bent
disk is a ruined disk.
2 When you're not using a disk keep it
stored in its cardboard (or heavy
paper) sleeve and preferably in a
plastic disk box.
3 Keep disks away from bright
sunlight, cigarette smoke, coffee, dust,
telephones, monitors and the top of
the disk drive or other sources of
magnetic fields.
4 Don't lake a disk out of the drive
when the red light is on as this means
the drive is reading or writing
information and could cause you
horrendous problems.
5 Always ensure that you take disks
out of your drive before you switch it
off as you run the risk of losing
everything on it.
Disks are supplied in a variety of
forms and are labelled to show the
amount of information that can be
stored on them. All disks are
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
4
DISK GUIDE
manufactured 10 be 'double dided.
double density' and are then iesled for
quality. If they fail these stringent
quality control tests, they are then
down graded to single-sided, double-
density or double-sided single-density.
The Commodore 1541 disk drive only
requires single sided, single density
(SS.SD) disks which means you don't
have to waste money on extra quality
you won't need.
As mentioned before all disks are
originally manufactured to the double-
sided and so you can buy a small device
known as a disk notcher (for around
i5) that will cut a second write protect
notch into the disk so you can then use
the other side! Obviously, there are no
guarantees that this extra side will
always read and write data perfectly
but knowing it can be used is useful to
know.
When you buy a disk it is a
completely blank disk of magnetic
material and so must be prepared for
use with your C64. This is required
since the same disk could have been
bought by someone to use in a IBM or
an Atari computer. Therefore, the first
thing you must do is prepare or format
it lor use.
To format a blank disk . . . place it
in the disk drive and shut the door then
type in the following command.
OPEN 1.8. 15."N0:diskname.ID"
This command tells the processor
inside the disk drive to open
communications channel 1 (this can be
any of 15) to device number eight (the
disk drive). The 15 tells the drive that
the rest of the command is an
instruction for the whole disk and tells
it to format the disk and give it the
name diskname which is followed by
the disk ID. The ID is a two letter or
number identity code to distinguish
the disk from other disks with the same
name. For example, you could name a
whole scries of disks Tony .01.
Tony. 02. Tony, 03 and so on.
Therefore the command to name a
disk Tony.Ol would be..
OPENl,8.I5."NO:Tony.Or
This should then be followed by
CLOSE I to close the number I
command channel.
When this command is entered, the
disk drive will whirr into action and
the red light will flash on and off. This
will take a few minutes as the drive has
a lot to do. First of all, it creates 35
circular tracks on the disk and divides
these into sectors or blocks. Because
the circumference of a disk is wider at
the outside than the inside there are
more blocks on the outer than the
inner tracks.
Each block can contain 256
characters of information although the
first two characters are used by the
drive to point to the next block where
information is stored. Once each block
has been created the drive tests it and
then finally adds a directory in the
centre of the disk which contains a list
of all files or programmes stored on the
disk and a Block Availability Map
which helps the drive sllot new
information into empty blocks.
When this process is completed the
drive will stop and the disk will be
ready to use.
As you might imagine, formatting
a disk wipes all information that was
stored on the disk so you should be
careful that you don't format any disks
that contain information you still need
and NEVER format a disk containing
a commercial program.
Device Numbers
The format and Load and Save
commands include the device number
8. This tells the C64 which input or
output device the information should
be read or written to. The C64 uses the
following device numbers.
1 - datasette
2 - keyboard (input only)
3 - Screen
4to7 - Printers (usually 4)
8tol 1 - disk drives.
Most people will only use one disk
drive which is automatically set to
device number 8. I lovvever. if you have
a second drive (or third and fourth)
and want to use it at the same time you
will have to give it another device
number (usually 9).
You can do this in two ways either
by altering the hardware or a simpler
way is to type in and run the program
in the manual.
Loading and Saving
Now you hav e prepared or formatted a
disk for use or have bought a
commercial program you will want to
load and save programs.
To load a program simply type. . .
LOAD"name".8
which loads the name program into
memory. Then type RUN to start it.
OR type
Load "*".8
which loads the first program on the
disk into memorv.
OR
LOAD"*",8.l
loads the first program on the disk into
the same memory locations it was
saved from. This is the command you
will use most for commercial
programs which usually start
automatically.
OR
LOAD"0:*".8,I
This ensures that the first program on
the disk is loaded in. Occasionally
Load"*".8.l, if used a few times will
load in the next program on disk.
The command Load "$",8 loads in
the disk directory that can be displayed
by typing LIST which shows all the
files that are stored on the disk.
To SAVE a program simply type
SAVE"0:name",8.
You will only need to use this if
you're going to write and use your own
programs as commercial programs
have their own save routines but you
will still need to ensure that you havea
formatted disk ready for use.
The asterik ( *> which can be used in
loading commands replaces any
number of characters. The command
LOAD"*".8,| loads in the first
program on the disk as the * replaces
the filename. You can also use * to save
your typing finger and load in files
further down the directory. For
example, if there was a program called
HOW TO USE THIS you could load it
in by simply tvping the command
LOAD"HOW*'\8.l as long as there
wasn't another program listed above
this one in the directorv called HOW I
WON.
File Types
As mentioned above, typing
LOAD"$",8 then LIST displays the
disk directory on screen. As you can
see from these examples there are four
different types of disk file.
The program file which appears as
PRG in the directory listing is
probably the most common file that
you will come across. A program file is
exactly what its name suggest, a
program that you have scored on disk.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
5
DISK GUIDE
The program file is stored on disk in
exactly the same (oral as it would be in
the computers memory, i.e. it is
tokenised.
A sequential file (SEQ in the
directory listing) is essentially a file
that contains a continuous string of
characters. A sequential file could lor
example, be set up to contain data for a
database. Let's say that we had two
names in our database - Fred Bloggs
and John Smith. In a sequential file the
data would be stored as:
John Smith Fred Bloggs.
In other words as a continuous list.
The problem with usingthis type of file
to store data is that if you required, say
the 50th entry of a database, the
previous 49 entries would all have to be
loaded in. This makes access to your
data very slow.
A much better type of file to use for
data storage is a relative (RED file,
this type of tile allows you to select a
specific record, delete a specific record.
In other words you can access the
information that you require from the
file without having to read lots of
unwanted data into memory. Perhaps
the least used type of file is the user
(USR) file. This is really just like a
sequential file and is used in the same
way.
Housekeeping
As you save and load files to a disk it
will rapidly fill up with things you no
longer need. The follow ing commands
allow you to tidy up your disks and so
save disk space.
New
The new command will look familiar
as one of its forms is the same as the
format command.
OPENl,8.I5."NO!diskname.lD"
(The N is short for NEW). This wipes
the disk and marks out the sectors and
tracks.
If the disk has been used before you
can shorten this by leaving out the ID.
This may hot sound a lot but the
process is shorter as the drive doesn't
have to recreate each block.
Initialise
If you are writing your own
programmes and want to use a second
disk then you must use the initialise
command to tell the drive that you've
swapped disks and instruct it to read in
the new BAM.
Typing OPEN1.8.I5."! initialises the
new disk ready for use.
Scratch
If you find you've a program on disk
that you no longer need, such as an
earlier version of an existing program
then typing
OPEN l,8.15,"S0:filename"will delete
it.
You could use the " to delete
everything, but when you're deleting
files I find it best to type out the full
name as you're less likely to make a
mistake and delete a file you
desperately needed.
Validate
Once you've saved and deleted a few
files the blocks of each file will be
spread about the disk. This won't stop
the files from being read or written but
it will slow down the process as the
drive head must move over each block.
Typing OPENI.8,15/'V0" will
start the spring cleaning process. This
can take some time but will be worth it
as you'll be surprised at the saving in
loading times.
Disk Commands Summary
The following commands are entered
through the command channel. For
example OPENI.8.15 followed by...
NEW/Format - "NOidiskname.lD"
Scratch - "SOifilcname"
Initialise - "I"
Validate - "V"
Disk Software
Now you have a disk drive you can use
a variety of disk-based business
packages, games and utilities.
A disk driv e is essential if you plan
to use one of the many business
packages on the market. Although
there are one or two tape based word
processors, their disk based
counterparts offer far more facilities
such as different typefaces or fonts, the
ability to include graphics in your text,
quick loading and saving and even a
spelling checker to correct any
mistakes.
As well as create, merge, alter, load
and save text files you can get your
figures and budgets right with a
spreadsheet or store thousands or
records with a database program such
as Superbase 64.
CiHOS (Berkley Softworks now
available through Microprose) brings
icons and pull down menus to your
C64 as well as a whole new disk
operating system. With GEOS you
dont't have to type in long commands
you simply point at an icon instead.
There is also a special GEOS word
processor, a spreadsheet and database
programmes.
If you want to be entertained then
why not try a disk based game. These
are often extended versios of the
cassette gaes but have added features
or more rooms, courses and options.
As well as improving existing games
you can also delve into the disk only
world of the Infocom adventures.
These are amazing games packed with
mind boggling puzzles and text
descriptions to fire your imagination.
Whatever your particular interests
you'll be able to find at least one
Infocom adventure to explore.
Fantasy fans can explore the amazing
Zork trilogy and the worlds of
Enchanter, Sorcerer and Spellcasteror
Sci-fi buffs can step boldly into
Planelfall and Stationfall or even enter
the amazing Hitch Hikers Guide to the
Galaxy!
SSI games are rarely converted
onto tape and so you need a drive to
command great battles in one of their
many wargames or explore the
roleplaying games such as Phantasie
and Shard of Spring. Or why not try
Rainbird's graphic adventures such as
The Pawn and The Guild of Thieves or
the amazing Ultima series of games.
The next one to reach these shores will
be Ultima V and will be so big that it
will cover both sides of four disks! Try
and get that on tape!
Just when you're thinking how
much faster your disk drive is than the
cassette player someone, somewhere
develops a program that makes it even
faster. Cartridges such as Quickdisc
and the Expert will speed up your drive
and also include a fast disk formatter
but the most impressive device is
Dolphin DOS from Evesham Micros.
This is actually an entirely new disk
operating system that replaces the
existing DOS in your drive and will
allow you to load programs in seconds
and not minutes!
DISK USKRS HANDBOOK
6
DISK GUIDE
Disk
Commands
Learn how to use your disk drive more efficiently.
By Stuart Cooke
only do Commodore disk
drives provide the user with
commands to formal the disk, read the
contents of the disk. LOAD
programs etc. there is also a whole
range of less documented commands
that allow you to talk to the disk and
disk drive directly. This range of
commands is referred to as Direct
Access commands. Once you
understand the concept of these
commands and how the disk drive
works you can gel the drive to do
whatever you want.
Inside the 1541
Probably the most common of the
whole range of Commodore drives is
the 1541. For the sake of this article we
will refer to this drive. Most of the
information is the same for.all of the
other drives.
Before we take a close look at the
direct access commands that arc
available it is about time wc had a look
at the inside of a 1541 disk drive.
Figure 1 is a memory map of the disk
drive. Before you can program the disk
drive efficiently it is important that
you know its inner workings.
Talking to the drive
Now that you've had a close look at
what you can get at inside a drive it's
time to move onto the direct access
commands.
All communication between the
disk and the user is made through a
buffer. If you take a look at Figure I
you will see that there are five buffers
available. However, only four of these
are free for use. Buffer four is
normally reserved for holding an
image of the disk BAM. When using
SEQ and REL files at the same time,
buffer number three is also not
available because the directory uses it.
If you want to write information
onto the disk or read information from
it then the sector that you want lo
manipulate must be read into one of the
buffers. When you wish to use a buffer,
you first have to OPEN a channel and
specify which buffer you wish to use.
For example OPEN 1 .8.2,** # 2" would
open the channel to buffer number 2.
However, it is good practice not to
specify the buffer number but let the
DOS select it for you. You achieve this
by not specifying a number after the
' U * sign. For example:
OPEN 1.8.2." a ".
II your selected buffer contains
alphanumeric data, and is not over 88
characters in length you can use the
INPUT if command to read in data
from the buffer. Otherwise you will
have lo use the GET * command.
Note that when using GET# it does
not check for null characters. It is
therefore advisable to have the
following basic line, or something
similar, inside a program that reads
data from the disk with a GET*
statement.
IF A$="*THEN AS=CHR$(0)
Obv iously the chatacter read from
the disk must be stored in A$.
Before we go any further there are
four tilings that you should remember.
1 A PRINT ft command to the
command channel (secondary
address of 15) send a direct access
command to the DOS.
2 A PRINT # statement toanyother
channels (i.e. secondary address not
15) sends data into one of the
buffers already mentioned.
3 An INPUT n or GET u statement
to the command channel
(secondary address of 15) returns
any error messages.
4 An INPUT tt OR GET *
statement to any other channel
reads data from one of the buffers.
Block-Read
The block-read command tells the 1541
to read a sector from the disk into your
open buffer - strictly speaking this is
known as a direct access file. This
command is shortened to "B-R" when
talking to the drive or should you
prefer lo shorten the command even
more, use the command "Ul". An
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
7
DISK GUIDE
1541 Memory Hap
DRIVE ADDRESS
HEX
DEC
Description
$0000
0
Command code for buffer 0
$0001
1
Command code for buffer 1
$0002
V V N-^ fc— *
2
Command codf for buffer 2
s
$0003
3
Command code for buffer 3
$0004
4
Command code for buffer 4
$0006
-0007
6-7
Track and sector for buffer 0
$0008
-0009
8-9
Track and sector for buffer 1
$000A
-OOOB
10-11
Track and sector for buffer 2
$000C
-OOOD
12-13
Track and sector for buffer 3
$000E
-OOOF
14-15
Track and sector for buffer 4
$0012'
-0013
18-19
ID for drive 0
$0014-
-0015
20-21
ID for drive 1
^k fc^ ^k ^k b ^k — ^k
$0016-
-0017
22-23
ID
$0020-
-0021
32-33
Flag for head transport
$0030-
-0031
48-49
Buffer pointer for disk controller
$0039
57
Constant 8. mark for be£?innin£? of
data block header
$003A
58
Parity for data buffer
$003D
61
Drive number for disk controller
$003F
63
Buffer number for disk controller
$0043
67
Number of sectors per track for
formatt inff
$0047
71
Constant 7. mark for beginning of
data block header
$0049
73
Stack pointer
$004A
74
Step pointer for head transport
$0051
81
Actual track number for formatting
$0069
105
Step size for sector division (10)
$006A
106
Number of read attempts (5)
$006F-
-0070
111-112
Pointer to address for 11 and B ends.
$0077
119
Device number plus $20 (32) for
1 isten
$0078
120
Device number plus $40 (64) for
talk
$0079
121
Flag for listen (1/0)
$007A
122
Flag for talk (1/0)
©007C
124
Flaff for ATN from serial bus
fgcpi vi
$007D
125
Flaff for E0I from serial bus
$007F
127
Hri vp number
$0080
128
Track number
$0081
129
Sector number
$0082
130
Channel number
$0063
131
Secondary address
$0084
132
Secondary address
$0085
133
Data byte
$008B-
■008D
139-141
Work storage for division
$0094-
0095
148-149
Actual buffer pointer
$0099-
009A
153-154
Address of buffer 0 $0300
$009B-
009C
155-156
Address of buffer 1 $0400
$009D-
009E
157-158
Address of buffer 2 $0500
$009F-
OOAO
159-160
Address of buffer 3 $0600
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
8
DISK GUIDE
S00A1-00A2
$00A3-00A4
$00A5-00A6
S00B5-00BA
$00BB-00C0
$00C1-00C6
$00C7-00CC
$00D4
S00D5
$00D6
$00D7
$00E7
$00F9
$0100-
$0200-
S024A
$0258
$0259
0145
0228
$025A
$0274
$0278
$0297
$0280-
$0285-
$02D5-
$02FA-
$0300-
$0400-
$0500-
$0600-
$0700-
0284
0289
02F9
02FC
03FF
04FF
05FF
06FF
07FF
161-162
163-164
165-166
181-186
187-192
193-198
199-204
212
213
214
215
231
249
256-325
512-552
586
600
601
602
628
632
663
640-644
645-649
725-761
762-764
768-1023
1024-1279
1280-1535
1536-1791
1792-2047
Address of buffer 4 $0700
input buffer
buffer error
$0200
message
number
number
Pointer to
Pointer to
$02D5
Record number lo, block
Record number hi, block
Write pointer for REL file
Record length for RE 1 file
Pointer in record for REL file
Side sector number
Pointer to data block in side
sector
pointer to record in REL file
File type
Buffer number
Stack
Buffer for command string
Fi le Type
Record length
Track side sector
Sector side sector
Length of input line
Number of filenames
File control method
Track of a file
.Sector of a f i le
for error messages
of free blocks
lo
hi
Buffer
Number
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
0
1
2
3
4
FiR. i
example of how lu use the Command is
shown later. As a point to note, some
Commodore drives have a bug in the
B-R command and for this reason, it is
always best to use the "U I "command.
Block-Write
The block-write command is the exact
opposite to the block-read command.
This takes the contents of the buffer in
use and writes it into the specified
sector. The format for this command is
B-W or U2. Again a problem exists
with B-W so use the U2 command.
Allocating Space
The Block-Allocate, or B-A.
command allows the user to reserve
blocks on the disk. The main purpose
for this is to reserve areas of the disk
for special usage. The Block-Allocate
commands clear the necessary bits in
the Block Availability Map after
execution of this instruction.
The Buffer-Pointer command,
shortened to B-P. tells the DOS just
where you wish to start reading or
writing data to or from in a buffer.
When using the direct access
commands there are two formats for
the command available. Either may be
used depending upon your own
preference. The first method is:
PRINT # I5,"U I "channel-number:
drive
the second method is:
PRINT «M5."U1 channel-number
drive-
Now that we've discussed what
commands are available, let's take a
closer look at them in use. The
following examples should make the
use of buffers and direct access
commands much clearer.
Suppose you wished to follow a
program through on disk by track and
sector without actually reading in any
data. To do this you need to follow the
path of the "link" bytes. That is. the
two bytes at the start of each block that
tells you where the next track and
sector of the specific program is.
The program in Figure 2 gives an
example of how you would perform
this task.
For our second example let's
presume that we wish to read the
diskette name from within a program.
As you already know, (see article on
disk editing), the name starts at
position 144 of track 1 8 sector 0. Using
a B-R command you would read the
specified sector into the buffer. You
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
9
DISK GUIDE
1 0PEN8,8,15 : REM OPEN THE
COMMAND CHANNEL
2 OPEN 4,8,4,"*" : REM OPEN
DIRECT ACCESS FILE
3 INPUT "TRACK AND SECTOR
PLEASE" ; TR, SE
4 PRINT*8, "Ul: "4;0;TR;SE : REM
READ CONTENTS OF TRACK/SECTOR
INTO BUFFER
5 GET*4,TS,SS : REM READ FIRST
BYTES INTO BUFFER
6 TR=ASC(TS*CHRS(0) ) :
SE=ASC(SS«CHRS(0) ) : REM MAKE
SURE VALUE IS INTEGER
7 IF TR=0THENCL0SE4:CL0SF8:END
REM END OF LINKS
8 PRI NT "TRACK NUMBER IS: " ; TR ,
"SECTOR NUMBER IS: ":SE
9 GOTO 4 : REM GET NEXT LINK
I it. 2
1 0PEN8, 8, 15
CHANNEL
2 0PEN4,8,4,
ACCESS FILE
3 PRINT*8, "U
READ CONTENY
TRACK/SECTOR
4 PRINT*8, "B
TO WHERE YOU
5 F0RX=1T016
FILENAME
6 GET*4,XS:I
REM IF SHIFT
7 PRINTXS:NE
AND GET NEXT
8 CL0SE4:CL0
: REM OPEN COMMAND
: REM OPEN DIRECT
1:"4;0;18;0 :
TS OF DESIRED
REM
-P:"4;144 : REM POINT
WANT TO READ FROM
: REM LENGTH OF
FXS=CHRS< 160)THEN8:
ED SPACE END
XT : REM PRINT OUT
LETTER
SE8 : REM END
I 3
would then have to read through all of
the 143 bytes in the buffer until you get
lo byte 144, the start of the name.
However there is a quicker way. The B-
P command allows you to position the
data pointer anywhere within the
buffer. The bytes in the buffer are
numbered from 0 to 255. The pointer is
automatically reset to 0 after a "Ul"
command. Figure 3 illustrates our
example.
The commands block-write and
block-read are used in conjunction
with each other. As previously
mentioned block-write allows you to
write the contents of a buffer to a
specified track and sector. the
command does not alter the contents
of the buffer - you do this yourself.
Figure 4 takes the program in figure 3
and expands it so that the disk name
read in can be altered in the buffer and
then re-written to the correct position',
changing the disk name.
When using Program. Sequential
or Relative files on disk, the BAM is
being constantly updated as
programs are written, scratches,
etc. This prevents programs from
being overwritten. However, when we
use direct-access files the data that you
write to the disk is not marked in the
BAM.
This means that data you have put
on the disk could be overwritten. To
prevent this from happening we can
use the Block-Allocate command. If
you try to allocate a block that has
already been marked as user, then you
will get an error message 65. NO
BLOCK.T.S ; T and S are the next
higher numbered free blocks available.
The syntax for using the block
allocate command is:
B-A drive track sector
The following example would
mark track 17 sector 5 as in use:
1 OPKN 8.8.15
2 PRINT n 8,"B-A:"0:I7;5
Freeing a Block
The Block-Free of B-F command is the
opposite of the above command. This
will set the specified bits in the BAM
making the relevant tracks and sectors
available for use.
Should we want to free the sector
allocated in the above example you
would do it as following:
1 OPEN 8.8.15
2 PRINT H 8,"B-F:"0;17;5
DISK USKRS HANDBOOK
10
DISK GUIDE
1 0PEN8,8,15 : REM OPEN COMMAND
CHANNEL
2 0PEN4,8,4, : REM OPEN DIRECT
ACCESS FILE
3 PRINTtt8,"Ul:"4;0;18;0 : REM
READ CONTENTS OF DESIRED
TRACK/SECTOR
4 PRINTS8, "B-P:"4;144 : REM POINT
TO WHERE YOU WANT TO READ FROM
5 XS="NEW DISK NAME"
6
IFLEN(XSX16THENXS = XS*CHRS(160) ;
G0T06 : REM PAD OUT NAME
7 PRINT*4,XS; : REM CHANGE BUFFER
CONTENTS
8 PRINT#8,"U2:"4;0;18;0 : REM
WRITE BACK TO DISK
9 PRINT*8, "I":CL0SE4:CL0SE8:END
Kto. 4
Note-allocating and freeing
blocks has an effect only on blocks that
are used by PRC. SKQ and RHL files
by the DOS. The B-W and B-R
commands do not check the BAM
before overwriting blocks. Using these
commands you can write to blocks
marked as allocated in the BAM.
One use that has been made of this
command in the past is to write a small
menu program onto track 18. the
directory track. This means that the
MENU will not take up any of the
normal disk space available.
Block-Execute
The Block-Execute command,
shortened to B-E is an extremelv
powerful command. In essence, this
command reads a sector from the disk
into a previously opened buffer. The
contents of that buffer are then
executed as a machine code program
within the buffer.
The syntax for the command is:
B-E channel drive track sector
When using the B-E command it is
usual to specify the buffer to be used in
the OPEN command, just in case the
machine code program isn't
relocatable.
The following program would read
the contents of track 14 sector 6 into
buffer number 2 and execute it.
1 OPEN 8.8.15
2 OPEN 4.8,4" u 2"
3 PRINT #8."B-E:"4;0;I4:6
Talking Memory
Not only are Commodore disk drives
provided w ith a wealth of commands
that allow you to access the disk but
commands also exist that allow you to
gain access to the memory inside the
disk drive.
There are three commands that we
will detail here. They are Memory
Read (M-R>. Memory Write (M-W).
and Memory Execute (M-E).
All ol these commands require a
knowledge ol the inner workings of the
DOS and a knowledge of 6502/6510.
The memory map of the disk drive in
figure I will be of invaluable use in this
matter.
The syntax for the Memory Read
command is:
M-R CHR$(LO) CHR$(HI )
|CHR$(number)]
CHRS(LO) is the low byte of the
address in DOS that is to be read.
CHR.SlHI) is the high byte of the
address in DOS that is to be read.
CHRS(number) is an optional extra
parameter indicating how many bytes
are to be read.
The figures 5 and 6 are used to
illustrate the use of this command. The
first example shows how to read from
disk memory, how many free bytes
there are on the current disk, the
second example reads the disk name.
Memory Write is the complimentary
command to Memory Read. Writing
can only be performed to DOS RAM.
page zero, stack and buffers. It is
possible to send more than one byte to
the disk drive with this command. The
syntax is as follows:
M-W CHRS(LO) CHRS(HI)
CHRS(number) CHRS(data)
CHR$(data) etc etc...
Finally the Memory Execute
command (M-E) will call and execute a
machine code program that resides in
DOS memory. The routine must end
with a RTS instruction. The syntax for
the command is as follows:
M-E CHR$(LO> CHR$(HI>
You can not only execute your ow n
routine written with the use of the M-
W command, but also the DOS
routines.
Summary of Direct Access
Within the confines of this article I can
obviously only gloss over the subject of
programming your disk drive. The
following table lists just a few ideas
that spring to mind as tasks you could
perform with your new-found
knowledge.
1 You can manipulate the sectors and
change the BAM
2 You can make changes to the
directory.
3 You can make changes to tiles.
4 You can protect tiles from erasure.
5 You can close files that are
OPENed.
6 You can prevent directories from
being viewed.
7 You can recover lost or damaged
files.
8 You can create data structures that
the DOS would not normallv
recognise.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
11
DISK GUIDE
9 You could place a menu program
within the directory - thus saving
space.
10 You could put a simple form of
protection on the disk.
Really the list is endless. Only your
own knowledge and requirements are
your constraints. However before you
do try any of the commands that we
have discussed out yourself. I must
stress the importance of making sure
that you only play around with old
disks until you know what you are
doing. After all. one simple mistake
could wipe out a whole disk.
1 OPENS, 8, 15
2 PRINT#8, "M-R"CHRi>(250)CHR^<2)
3 GET*8,X*:IFX*=""THENX*=CHR*<0>
4 PRINT#8, "M-R"CHR*<252)CHR*<2)
5 GET#8, Y*:IFY#=""THENY*=CHR*(0)
6 PRINTASC(A*)+256»ASC(Y*)
7 CLOSES
Fi*w* 6
1 0PEN8,8 t 15
2 PRINT#8, "H-R M CHR$<144) CHR*(7)
CHR*<16)
3 INPUT*8,X$
4 PRINTX*
5 CLOSES
DISK
EDITING
You can rescue files and much more once you know
how to use a disk editor.
By Stuart Cooke
How often have you scratched
your latest programming masterpiece
from your disk only to realise a few
minutes later that you didn't have a
backup?
No doubt, until now, the only
option open to you was to re-type the
whole program from the beginning.
A little more understanding about
how a Commodore disk drive works
will enable you to rescue most
scratched programmes and make
numerous other changes to your disk
directories.
Before you can start playing with
the contents of floppy disks it is
important that you understand how
the information is stored on them. If
you don't understand and you start
changing areas of a disk you can
probably wave bye-bye to the contents
of the whole thing.
In order to make any changes to a
disk you will require access to some
son of disk editor program. There are
a few available commercially. Disk
Doctor from Precision being a good
example, and we provide a listing for a
good disk editor later in the
supplement.
Disk Structure
You are no doubt aware, when you
purchase a disk it is totally blank and
of no use to you at all. Before the
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
12
DISK GUIDE
Block Distribution By Track
Track Range of Total Single Double
Numbers
Sectors
Sectors
Sided
Sided
HEX
DEC
HEX
DEC
HEX
DEC
$01-$11
01-17
$00-$14
00-20
$15
21
YES
YES
$12-$18
18-24
$00-$12
00-18
$13
19
YES
YES
$19-$1E
25-30
$00-$ll
00-17
$12
18
YES
YES
$lF-$23
31-35
$00-$10
00-16
$11
17
YES
YES
$24-$34
36-52
$00-$14
00-20
$15
21
MO
YES
$35-$3B
53-59
$00-$12
00-18
$13
19
NO
YES
$3C-$41
60-65
$00-$ll
00-17
$12
18
NO
YES
$42-$46
66-70
$00-$10
00-16
$11
17
NO
YES
computer/disk drive can make use of
ihe disk it must be formatted.
Formatting a disk divides it into a
number of rings called tracks. On all of
the popular Commodore drives (1541
etc) except for the 1571, the disk is
divided into 35 rings, on one side of the
disk only. If you have a 1571 then the
second side of the disk is also split into
35 rings or tracks.
Each of these circular tracks is then
split up into a number of equal
segments called sectors. Each track
contains between 17 and 21 sectors.
Figure I illustrates this more clearly.
Note that the tracks on the second side
of a 1571 are numbered from 36 to 70
and do not start from I again.
As Figure I clearly shows the
number of sectors in each track gets
smaller towards the centre of the disk.
The reason for this is quite obvious
when your ealise that the tracks are a
lot shorter at the centre of the disk than
they are on the outside.
Hon much room?
In the centre of the disk, side I for 1571
users, you will find the information
track. Track 18 is used to keep all
necessary information about
programmes, where they are stored on
the disk and how much room is free on
the disk.
The first sector of track 18 is used
to record which sectors of the disk
have been used. This is called The
Block Availability Map or BAM.
Every lime you make any changes to
the contents of a disk the contents of
the BAM are updated so the disk drive
can find out which tracks and sectors
on the drive are used.
Figure 2 shows the contents of the
first 255 bytes of track 18 sector 0. As
you can see from the figure this sector
not only contains information about
the BAM but is also used to store
important information about the disk,
such as the DOS type, the formal type,
the name. etc.
Returning to the BAM, figure 2
shows that bytes 4 to 143 of track 18
sector 0 holds the BAM. For
consecutive bytes are used to represent
the BAM for each track. Figure 3 gives
a representation of the possible
contents of sector 0 bytes 5 to 7, in
other words the bytes that give an
indication of which sectors on track I
have been used.
As you are no doubt aware, a single
byte can hold a number from 0 to 225.
If we translate this from decimal to
binary this means that the numbers
held will range from 00000000 to
I I I I I I 1 I . From the binary
representation it can be seen that each
byte can hold the information for eight
sectors. Each I or 0 represents the
status of the corresponding sector. A 0
tells the disk drive that the sector in
question has been used while a I shows
that it is still available.
II you take a second look at Figure
3 you can see that in our
representation sectors I to 10 have all
been used and sectors 1 1 to 23 are still
available.
You may be wondering how the
disk drive knows how many sectors are
available on each track. If you refer
back to Figure 2 you will see that the
information about the BAM for each
track is held in four consecutive bytes.
We have already taken a close look at
the BAM for track I above. As stated
this information is stored in bytes 5 to
7 of track I8sector0. If you refer back
to Figure 2 you will see that the
previous byte (4) holds a number that
represents theactual numberof seciors
available on track I, in this case 23.
This sequence of four bytes is
repeated for all tracks on the disk. 1571
users can see that the information
about the second side of the disk is
stored in the same way as the first side
in bytes 221 to 255 of track 18 sec tor 0.
Disk Info
Bytes 144 to 255 of track 18 sector are
used to hold specific information
about the disk. Much of this is
information that is printed at the top
of each directory listing. If you refer
back to Figure 2 you will see exactly
what information is held in these bytes.
Should you ever want tochange the ID
or the title of a disk then you can do it
quite simply by using a disk editor to
read the information on the disk into
your computers, make the changes
required and then re-write the
information to the disk.
Directory Info
I he sectors from one onwards on track
18 are used to hold information
DISK USERS HAND HOOK
13
DISK ( ; I ' I I) K
RAM P/^rmo4 ^KA^ m
dm n rorinoi ijhi
1 TeCK 10 OcCIOr U
Number Contents
Def ini t ion
0 18
Track of next directory block.
Always 18.
1 1
Sector of next directory block
Always 1.
2 65
ASCII character A indicating
1541/51/71/4040 format
3
Double sided flag. Ignored on 1541
4
Number of sectors available on
track 1.
5
Track 1, Sector 0-7 BAM .
6
Track 1, Sector 8-16 BAM.
7
Track 1, Sector 17-23 BAM.
8
Number of sectors available on
track 2.
9
Track 2, Sector 0-7 BAM .
10
Track 2, Sector 8-16 BAM.
11
Track 2, Sector 17-23 BAM.
. . . etc . Down To .
* * ■
140
Number of sectors available on
track 25.
141
Track 35, Sector 0-7 BAM.
142
Track 35, Sector 8-16 BAM.
143
Track 35, Sector 17-23 BAM.
144-159
Disk name padded with shifted
— ( flip* i on >
spaces (Unn» IbUJ.
160-161 160
Shifted space.
162-163
Disk ID.
164 160
Shifted space.
165-166
ASCII "A which is the DOS version
»
format type 1540/41/51/71/4040.
167-170 160
Shifted spaces.
171-255 0
Nu 1 Is, not used .
1571 Drive As Above Except :
3
Double sided flag:
$80"Double Sided
*00=Single Sided.
171-220 0
Nu 1 Is, not used .
221-237
Number of sectors available in
tracks 36-52.
Each sector by each byte.
Format as for 1541.
238 0
Number of sectors in track 53
239-244
Number of sectors available
tracks 54-59. Each track by each
byte.
245-250
Number of sectors available
tracks 60-65.
251-255
Number of sectors available
1 2
tracks 66-70.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
14
DISK GUIDE
BAM ALLOCATION
SECTORS 0-7
SECTORS 8-15
SECTORS 16-23
00000000
00011111
11111111
RB. 3
relating to any program you have
stored on the disk. Each sector is
referred to as a directory block and will
hold ihe information for around eight
files. The first two bytes of each block
are used to give the track and sector of
the next directory block. Figure 4
shows the format of the directory on
the disk. If there is no more
information on the disk the first two
bytes in the last sector will contain O's.
Each of the eight program entires in a
directory block is made up of 30 bytes.
These are the ones that hold the
information about the type of
program, where it is on the disk. etc.
Figure 4 shows what information
stored in the 30 bytes.
The first byte of each directory
entry is used to hold information
Dir File Format, Track 18 Sectors 1-19
Byte
Definition
0, 1
Track and sector of next DIR block.
2-31
Fi le
Entry 1
34-63
File
Entry 2
66-95
File
Entry 3
98-127
Fi le
Entry 4
130-159
Fi le
Entry 5
162-191
Fi le
Entry 6
194-223
Fi le
Entry 7
226-255
Fi le
Entry 8
Structure Of Each Directory Entry
Byte
Contents Definition
0
128 + t
ype File type OR ' ed with $80
to indicate closed file.
File type OR'ed with SCO
to indicate locked file.
Type: 0 = DELeted.
1 = SEQuential.
2 = PRoGram.
3 = USeR.
4 ■ RELative.
1-2
Track and sector of first
data block.
3-18
File name padded with shifted
spaces.
19-20
REL file only. Track and
sector of 1st side sector.
21
REL file only. Record length.
22-25
UNUSED.
26-27
Track and sector of replacement
28-29
during <?SAVE or ©OPEN.
Number of blocks in file, stored
as a two-byte integer in normal
lo-byte hi-byte format.
Hr. 4
about the type of file that you are
looking at. li'you refer to figure 4 once
more you will see that the file referred
to can be one of five types. However,
this isn't the only information that this
byte gives.
Bits 0 to 2 of this byte are used to
tell us what type of file we are looking
at. Bit 7 is used to tell the drive if the
file is correctly closed or not. A I in bit
number 7 shows that the file is still
open. This can be seen on a directory
listing as a follow ing the liletype.
Bit 6 holds an extremely important
piece of information which,
unfortunately, a large number of
people are unaware of. T his bit is used
to tell the disk drive w hether or not the
file is protected. Setting this bit to T
will prevent deleting this file by normal
methods. A protected file can be seen
in a directory listing as it has a '< *
following the file type. If you have
important files it is well worth going to
the trouble of setting this bit to prevent
accidental erasure.
Program Erasure
Whenever you delete a program from
disk a number of changes are made to
the disk. First of all. the sectors that
the program occupied are marked as
free in the BAM and secondly, the file
type is changed to zero indicating that
it has been deleted. The important
thing to remember is that the program
is still n the disk and will remain there
until another program is saved over it.
probably following the next SAVE
operation.
If you delete a file by accident and
realise before you have saved another
to disk then it is a very simple matter to
retrieve it. All you have to do is find the
entry for the file in the directory block
and change the liletype to whatever it
was before. If. for example, the file
type was a program you would store
the number 02 in the relevant position.
You will now be able to use your file.
Note, the BAM will not be updated
and there is a chance that the next
SAVE operation may overwrite your
reserected file. It is therefore a good
idea to make a new copy of any
reserected file befoore doing anything
else.
I laving taken a look at the way that
a disk directory is stored on a
Commodore disk it is probablv worth
looking at the format that files take.
Figures 5 to 7 give details on all of
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
15
DISK GUIDE
Program File Format
Byte Definition
FIRST SECTOR
0,1 Track and sector of next block in file.
2,3 Load address of program.
4-255 Next 252 bytes of prg info stored
tokenised as in computers memory.
REMAINING FULL SECTORS
0,1 Track and sector of next block in file.
2-255 next 254 bytes of prg info stored
tokenised as in computers memory.
FINAL SECTOR
0,1 NULL ($00), followed by number of
valid data bytes in sector.
2-??? Last bytes of program data.
The end of a BASIC file is marked by
3 zero bytes in a row.
Sequential File Format
Byte Definition
ALL BUT FINAL SECTOR
0,1 Track and Sector of next data block.
2-255 254 bytes of data.
FINAL SECTOR
0,1 NULL ($00), followed by number of
bytes in sector.
2-??? Last bytes of data.
Hg. 6
the main file types. Careful
examination of these figures should
provide you with all of the information
that you require to know. One
important point which is worth a
mention is that you can find out the
start address of any program file by
examining bytes 2 and 3 of the first
sector of any program.
Give it a go
People say that the only way to find
out if you have understood something
is to give it a go. Presented here is a
small tutorial! covering some of the
aspects that we have looked at within
this article. I haw not referred to any
specific Disk Hditor, however, the
figures presented here are from the one
presented in this supplement.
DISK US KItS HANDBOOK
16
DISK GUIDE
Relative File Format
Byte
Definition
DATA BLOCK
2'o CC XS5 C £ ? nd Sect °r of next data block.
2-255 254 bytes of data. Empty Records
contain $FF in the first byte followed
by $00 to the end of the record.
Partially filled records are padded
with $00.
SIDE SECTOR BLOCK
0, 1
2
3
4-5
6-7
8-9
10-1 1
12-13
14-15
16-255 Track
b locks .
Track and Sector of next data block.
Side sector number (0-5).
record length .
Track and .Sector of 1st side sector (0)
Track and Sector of 2nd side sector (1)
Track and Sector of 3rd side sector (2)
Track and Sector of 4th side sector (3)
Track and Sector of 5th side sector (4)
Track and Sector of Gth side sector (5)
and sector pointers to 120 data
mm
\S : -READ SECTOR
£: -write SECTOR
B:-C H A H G E B V T E
Q : -r ' Wfl R 0 S E c r OR
:-JLU-fP LIKK
: - 1 E X T MODE
:-M,'C HO ill. ICR
: - B ft C K S E C 1 0 R
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
17
DISK GUIDE
Firstly, you will need to format a
blank disk. Make sure that it is blank
and contains nothing that you require
before going any further.
Put your disk in your drive and
enter the following command:
OPEN.8.15/'N0:TEST,YC"
Next type the following small
proogram and SAVE it onto your disk
with the filename "ONE"
10 REM THIS IS A VERY
20 REM SHORT TEST
30 REM PROGRAM
40 REM
50 REM THE END
OK. so it's nothing stunning but it
will serve our purpose very well.
Now LOAD your disk editor and
examine the contents of track 1 8 sector
0. If you have a look at bytes 144 to 161
you will see that they hold the name of
the disk. Figure 8 shows what you
would see using our disk editor, the
display may be slightly different with
your editor.
Now we shall change the disk
name. Change the letters of the
filename to "DEMO". Figure 9 shows
how your disk should look now.
Once you have done this write the
sector back to the disk and your
changes will have been made
permanent. If you want to check this
for yourself reset your machine and
load in the disk directory, you will sec
that the name has been changed.
Rescue a file
Now we are going to delete a file and
then recover it. Scratch the test file
from your disk with the following
command:
OPEN.8,15 "S0:ONE"
If you now try and LOAD the
progranV'ONE" you will be unable to
do so.
Load your disk editor into your
computer and take a look at track 18
sector I. Figure 10 shows something
similar to what you should see. The 00
byte indicated on our picture shows
that the file has been deleted. If you use
the editor to change this to 82, ic a
program file, and then write the sector
back to disk you will be able to LOAD
the program once again.
Obviously this article has only
glossed over the area of disk structure
and disk editing. If you have old disks
that you no longer want don't format
them straight away, play around with
them using a disk editor till you teel
sure that you know exactly what you
are doing.
R E M E MBER ne\ credit a disk! h at
has programmes on it that you require
unless you are sure about what you're
doing.
Vie, ^
^anl^^,V^•ilV^UlV^u^V^u^V^'^V^u^V*'WlV<- , i^i
r H 1 i < CK i»*V?P P P «: f? I* I: I? i? f> P ? P i"- PL' P ;
P t p P P P P Bb P P P t? P P P P (: I* P P P PP P P P P P P PP P P P P P P !
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP. I
I
\
TRACK: iB
SECTOR
B V T t - -snf!
i
V.
: -P.EftD SEC T (IR
: - HR I T E SECT UP
: -CHANGE BVTE
:-f'UARD SECTOR
--JUMP LIHK
- ! EtfT MODE
- m/c tiowi tok
-BACK SEC f OP
e eeee e e c e 8 8 2 <? e e <? B £ e l J e p c p p e e e e e p p p p p p p
eeeeeeeeeeeeeepeepppcepepppppppeeeceee t
pppppppppppppppppppceppetppepceppppcpp
pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp
pppppppppppppeepppppcpppppppepeepppppp
eppppppppppp»?pppppppepppppi?P i
TRACK : 18 "SECTOR : 1 TJV i E :J> 00^ j
-READ SECTOR
-MR I IE SECTOR
-CHANGE BYTE
-F 'WARD SECTOR
-JUMP LI MK
-TEX "I I IOL'l
- M/C HUM I T OR
-BACK SECTOR
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
18
C64/128 UTILITY
Track/ Sector
Editor for
CBM 64/
128
Hints on how to use the editor
By Les Allan
i
t is often useful to edit a section of
memory either resident in the
computer's memory or, as explained in
this utility, by modifying the saved file
directly on disk. It is extremely
important that a 'backup* be made
prior to making any alterations, so in
the event of a mistake the user can
always revert back to the original.
Boot up the TRACK/SECTOR
EDITOR and you arc directly into the
READ SECTOR mode. Insert thedisk
to be read and simply press RETURN
twice to select the BAM of the
directory (default mode is TRACK 18
and SECTOR 0) or input the required
TRACK and SECTOR as commanded
by the cursor. The contents of that
sector are now displayed in the viewing
window with the cursor flashing at the
top left hand corner - position 0. The
first two bytes are highlighted in white
to indicate the LINK to the location of
the next track and sector of the saved
file.
T - TEXT MODE
Use the cursor control keys to locate
the cursor to the required position and
PRESS T to enter TEXT mode.
Simply type in from the keyboard the
text required using the CTRL key to
select lower case and press RETURN
to end.
* - CHANGE BYTE
Use the cursor control keys to locate
the cursor to the required position and
PRESS the * key. The value of the byte
to be changed can be entered either
directly in decimal or in hex provided
the number is preceded by the $ key.
W - WRITE SECTOR
To write the modified sector to the
disk PRESS the W key and confirm
your intention by pressing the Y key or
quit with N key.
R - READ SECTOR
PRESS the R key at any time to select a
A C000 LDA $C100
D C000
M C000C100
F COO0CI00 EE
S •'SECTOR'\08.C000,Cl00
L "SECTOR",08
X
assemble code at SC000
dis-assemble code at SC0OO
monitor code between $C000 and SC100
fill with SEE between SC0OO and SCI00
save contents of sector to disk
load sector back to SC000
quit monitor and return to the editor
DISK USKRS HANDBOOK
19
C64/128 UTILITY
different track and sector to be read.
Fl - RE-START
PRESS the Fi key at any time during
the edit mode to reset the registers to
the start up configuration of TRACK
18 and SECTOR 0.
J - VIEW NEXT SECTOR
PRESS the HOME key to position the
cursor to the LINK track and sector
followed by the J key will cause the
editor to Jump to the next sector of the
saved file.
K - M/C MONITOR
Press the X key to enter the M/C
monitor which will display the
contents of the sector between SC000
and SCI 00.
Figure 1 gives the available
commands.
program: disk editor boot
32 10 ml-32768:m2-38760:ch-0
97 11 printchr$(144) chr$(147)
c8 12 poke52.120:poke56.120:pok
e53280, 15 : POke53281 . 12
94 13 print
8f 14 printspcf8)chr$(18) " lsu.3
*22. si I
26 15 printspc(8)chr$(18) "[s-.s
pc22.s-]
e4 16 printspc(8)chr$(18l"[s-]
track/sector editor [s-J
3c 17 printspc(6)chr$tl8)"Is-.s
pc22,s-]
df 18 printgpc(8) chr$t 18) " [s-]
for commodore 64/128 (s-J
4a 19 printgpc<8)chr$(18)"ls-.s
PC22.9-)
22 20 print3pc{8)chr$(18) "(g-,3
pcSJby les a 1 lan (spc5 , s- J
50 21 prjntspc(8)chr$(18) "(s-.s
PC22.S-)
6c 22 printspc(8) chr$(18) " [sj .s
•22.sk)
aO 23 print:printchrl(155)
45 24 print" this routine enabl
e9 a specified track"
80 25 print
43 26 print" and sector to be d
isplayed and edited."
82 27 print
d4 28 print" simply follow the
instructions on the"
84 29 print
bO 30 print" screen to modify a
ny track and sector."
59 31 print:print
dO 32 readcodet
bb 33 lb-aac(right$ (code$, 1) ( -4
8; if lb>9thenib-lb-7
cf 34 hb-ascf lef tS(code$. 1) ) -48
: if hb>9thenhb-hb-7
Directory Entry Explanation
Boot up the TRACK/SECTOR
EDITOR, insert diskette to be read,
press RETURN twice to read BAM
and J to jump to TRACK 18 and
SECTOR I which is always the first
sector of the directory. Figure 2 gives
details.
Up to eight directory entries are
saved per sector in exactly the same
sequence. To view the contents of any
saved file simply locate the cursor at
byte 4 and press J to read the first track
and sector.
byte I
byte 2
byte 3
byte 4
bvte 5
byte 6-21
bvte 22 - 30
byte 31
bvte 32
32 35 printspc(5)chr$(5) "readin
g memory block ..." ;ral : print
cfcr* U43) :
28 36 Pokeml.hbM6*lb:ml-ml + l:c
h~ch4hb+lb: ifml<m2then32
ec 37 ifch-71422then39
13 38 print"check sum error - c
heck data statements! " ;print
chr$(19> :end
ec 39 print" hit return to sav
e completed program"
dl 40 getkey$: ifkey$< >chr$(13) t
hen40
68 41 sys38688
10 42 :
ce 43 datum
statements t
16 44 :
ad 45 data 00. 0b. 08 . 00 . 00 . 9e . 32
, 30 . 36 . 31 , 00 . 00 . 00 . 20 . 44 . e5
60 46 data a9 , 0c . 8d . 20 . dO , 8d . 21
.d0,ea,a9.36.85.01.4c.3f . le
a5 47 data 28 , 31 . 34 . 29 . 3a . 83, 22
.ld.22.2c.22.9d, 22. 2c. 22, 11
02 48 .data 22 , 2c . 22 . 91 , 22 . 2c , 22
. 13. 22.2c, 2b. 2c. 2d. 2c. 2a, 2c
fl 49 data 57 , 2c , 54 . 2c . 52 . 2c , 4a
,2c. 58, 2c, 22,85. 22.00,70, 08
al 50 data 04 . 00 . 81 . 5a, b2 , 31 . a4
,31 , 34. 3a. 87. 43. 24. 28,5a, 29
9b 51 data 3a , 82 . 3a . 4e . b2 . 31 . 34
, 3a , 53 , 44 . 24 . b2 . 22 . 30 , 22 . 00
69 52 data ba . 08, 05 . 00 , 54 . 24 . b2
. 22.20, 27. e2, 22. 3a. 50. b2. 31
6d 53 data 33 , 30 . 35 . 3a , 54 . b2 . 31
, 38 . 3a , 53 . b2 . 30 . 3a . 8d . 31 , 36
a4 54 data 34 . 3a . 89 . 36 . 38 . 00 . da
, 08 . 0b. 00 . 5 1 . 31 . b2 . 5 1 . 31 , aa
dS 55 data 31 , 32 . 38 , 3a . 8b . 5 1 . 31
,bl.32.35.35.a7,51,31.b2.51
7b 56 data 31 , ab. 32 . 35 . 36 . 00 . f b
. 08. 0c, 00,97,50. 2c .51 . 31 , 3a
90 57 data 81 . 5a . b2 , 31 . a4 . 31 . 30
. 3a , al . 4 1 . 24 . 3a . 8b . 41 . 24 . b3
The program as listed must be
typed in exactly as written and saved
prior to running. Error trap routines
are included to ensure that the data as
read is correct. The program when run
stores the relevant codeat a temporary
address of $8 (XX) and when prompted
relocates the working program to
basic ($0801) and saves the completed
program to disk.
I- iy. 2
lb 58 data bl . 22 , 22 . a7 . 31 . 36 . 00
. 05 . 09 . Oe . 00 . 82 , 3a , 89 . 31 . 31
a5 59 data 00 . 26 . 09 . 10 . 00 . 49 . b2
,30,3a,81,5a.b2,31.a4.31.34
Of 60 data 3a . 8b. 41 . 24, b3 , bl .43
.24. 28.5a. 29, a7, 82, 3a, 89. 31
77 61 data 31 . 00 , 2f , 09 , 11 . 00 . 97
,50. 2c, 51 .00.62,09, 12.00.91
7e 62 data 5a. 89 , 31 . 39 , 2c . 32 , 34
. 2c . 32 , 38 , 2c . 33 . 32 , 2c . 33 , 36
ef 63 data 2c , 36 . 35 . 2c , 37 . 32 . 2c
. 34 . 32 , 2c , 34 . 34 . 2c . 35 , 32 , 2c
a2 64 data 36 . 38 . 2c . 37 . 35 . 2c . 31
. 35 . 38 . 2c . 35 . 20 , 20 . 00 , 75 . 09
6c 65 data 13 . 00, 44 . b2 . 33 , 37 , 3o
. 8b . 59 , b2 , 36 . a7 . 44 . b2 , 32 , 37
50 66 data 00 . 88 . 09 , 15 , 00 . 8b . 58
, b3 . 44 . a7 , 58 , b2 . 58 , aa . 31 . 3a
57 67 data 89 . 33 . 39 . 00 . a4 , 09 . 16
, 00 . 8b, 56 . b2 . 44 . a7 , 58 , b2 , 30
68 68 data 3a , 8b. 59 , b3 . 36 . a7 . 59
, b2 . 59 . aa , 31 . 3a . 89 . 33 . 39 . 00
6b 69 data bO , 09 , 17 . 00, 59 . b2 . 30
.3a. 89. 33, 39,00. C3. 09. 18,00
6a 70 data 8b . 58 . bl . 30 . a7 . 58 . b2
.58. ab. 31 . 3a, 69, 33, 39.00. db
94 71 data 09 , la , 00 . 58 , b2 , 33, 37
.3a.8b.59.bl,30.o7.59.b2,59
d9 72 data ab. 31 . 3a . 89 . 33, 39 . 00
. ec . 09 , 1 b . 00 , 58 , b2 . 32 . 37 . 3a
a5 73 data 59 . b2 , 36 , 3a , 89 . 33 . 39
. 00 . f e , 09 . 1 c , 00 . 44 . b2 . 36 . 3a
43 74 data 8b. 58 , bl . 32 . 37 , a7 . 44
. b2 . 35 . 00 , 1 1 , 0a , 1 e . 00 . 8b . 59
19 75 data b3 . 44. a7 . 59 , b2 . 59 . aa
.31 ,3a. 89 . 33, 39,00, Id, 0a. If
cd 76 data 00 , 59 , b2 , 30 , 3a . 89 . 33
.39.00.2f ,0a, 20.00,44. b2. 36
20 77 data 3a , 8b, 58 , bl . 32 . 37, a7
. 44, b2, 35,00,4 2.0a. 22. 00,8b
35 78 data 59 , bl . 30 . a7 . 59 . b2 . 59
,ab,31 . 3a. 89. 33. 39. 00,4e,0a
8e 79 data 23. 00 , 59 , b2 . 44 , 3a . 89
, 33 . 39 . 00 . 5a . 0a . 24 , 00 . 58 , b2
ac 80 data 30 , 3a , 59 . b2 . 30, 00 , 69
SI2 location of next track of directory - $00 if end
S04 location of next sector of directory - SFF if end
$82 type of file saved (PRG) - change' to $C2 to LOCK file
$11 start track of saved file
$00 start sector of saved file
NAME of save file
relative file data
length of saved file in hex
$00
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
20
C64/128 UTILITY
. Oa . 27 . 00 . 8b, 5 1 . bl . 32 , 35 . 35
6a 81 data a7 , 31 . 30, 35 , 00 , 8c , Oa
. 28 . 00 , 97 , 50 . 2c . 5 1 , 3a , 50 , b2
34 82 data 31 . 33 . 30, 35 , aa , 59 . ac
,34,30.aa.58.3a.51,b2,c2.28
41 83 data 50 , 29 , 3a , 51 , 31 . b2 . 51
. 00 . b3 , Oa , 29 . 00 . 97 . 32 , 2c , 5 1
aa 84 data 3a . 8d . 31 . 30 . 03 , e2, 3a
,8d, 31 ,35, 37, 3a, 99, 22, 11 ,22
fb 85 data a6 , 33 . 35 . 29 , 22 , 9b . 24
,22, 57, 24, 3a, 89. 31. 31, 00. da
63 86 data Oa , 2a . 00 , 8d . 31 , 35 , 37
, 3a , 99 , 22 . 1 1 , 22 , a6 , 33 . 35 . 29
8f 87 data 3b . 3a , 56 . b2 ,51 , 3a . 4c
, b2 . 32 . 3a . 8d , 38 . 31 , 3a . 51 . b2
28 88 data 56 . 3a, 69 , 33. 39 . 00 , 06
. Oa , 2c . 00 , 8b . 4f , 50 , a7 , 31 , 30
c4 89 data 35 . 00 . la , Ob, 2e . 00 . 8d
. 31. 35. 37. 3a, 99. a6 . 31, 30, 29
27 90 data 22 . 1 1 , 04 . e2 , cl , d2 . c5
.a0.d9,cf ,d5.a0.d3.d5.d2.c5
40 91 data 20, 28, 12 . 15 , lc . d9 , 92
,05.2f ,12.1c.ce,92,05,29.20
ad 92 data a4 .9d , 22 . 3b. 00 . 32 . Ob
.2f .00, al, 41. 24. 3a. 8b. 41 .24
d8 93 data b2 . 22 . 4e , 22 . a7 . 99 . 41
. 24 . 3a . 89 . 35 . 39 . 00 . 42 . Ob . 30
42 94 data 00 . 8b . 41 . 24 . b3 . bl . 22
, 59 . 22 . a7 , 34 . 37 . 00 . 6c . Ob . 31
bO 95 data 00 , 99 ,41 , 24, 3a, 9f , 31
. 35 . 2c . 38 . 2c . 31 . 35 . 3a . 9f . 35
9c 96 data 2c . 38 . 2c , 35 . 2c . 22 , 23
.22.3a.98. 31,35. 2c. 22,42. 2d
33 97 data 50 . 3a . 35 . 2c . 30 . 22 , 00
, afl . Ob, 32 . 00 . 9e . 35 . 30 . 39 . 32
11 98 data 37 . 3a, 98 , 31 , 35 , 2c . 22
. 55 . 32 , 3a , 35 , 2c , 22 . 53 . 44 , 24
ec 99 data 3b. 54 . 3b. 53 , 3a . 84 . 31
. 35 . 2c . 41 , 24 . 2c . 42 . 24 . 2c . 43
21 100 data 24 . 2c . 44 . 24 . 3a , 8b . c
5 . 28 . 41 , 24 . 29 . b3 . bl . 30 . a7 , 31
ec 101 data 30, 32 , 00, bf , Ob. 33 . 00
. 98 . 31 . 35 . 2c , 22 , 49 . 22 . 3a , aO
d9 102 data 35 . 3a. aO , 31 . 35 . 3a. 89
, 35. 39. 00, f 1.0b. 34.00, 8d, 31
9b 103 data 35 . 37 , 3a. 99 . a6 . 36 . 29
. 22 . 1 1 . 04 . e2 , 28 . c8 . c9 . d4, 20
e8 104 data d2 . c5 ,d4 ,d5 .d2 . ce , 20
. d4 , cf . 20 , c5 . ce , c4 . 20 , d4 , c5
Of 105 data d8,d4 . 20 . cd , cf . c4 , c5
,29. 9b. 22, 00, 11.0c. 36. 00. 51
8b 106 data 31 . b2 . 51 . 31 . aa . 31 . 32
. 38 . 3o . 8b . 5 1 . 31 . bl . 32 . 35 . 35
67 107 data a7 , 51 , 31 . b2 ,51 . 31 , ab
,32. 35. 36,00. 32,0c, 37,00,97
7f 108 data 50 . 2c . 51 . 31 , 3a . 81 . 43
. b2 . 31 . a4 . 35 . 35 . 3a , al . 41 . 24
cd 109 data 3a . 8b. 41 . 24 . b3. bl . 22
. 22 . a7 . 35 . 37 , 00 . 3c . Oc . 38 . 00
9a 110 data 82. 3a. 89 . 35 . 34 . 00 . 4e
. Oc . 39 . 00 . 8b, 41 . 24 , b3 , bl . c7
80 111 data 28. 31 . 33. 29 . a7 . 36 , 30
. 00 . 57 . Oc . 3a . 00 . 97 . 50 . 2c , 5 1
8d 112 data 00 , 64 . Oc . 3b. 00. Od . 31
, 35 . 35 , 3a . 89 , 33 , 39 , 00 . 80 , Oc
55 113 data 3c . 00 . 97 .50, 2c, c6 . 28
. 41 . 24 . 29 . 3a . 44 . b2 . 33, 37 , 3a
78 114 data 8b.59.b2.36.a7.44.b2
,32, 37.00.93.0c. 3d. 00. 8b. 58
12 115 data b3.44 . a7, 58, b2 . 58 . aa
. 31 , 3a , 89 . 36 . 34 . 00 . af . Oc . 3e
ca 116 data 00 . 8b. 58 . b2 . 44 . a7 . 58
. b2 . 30 . 3a . 8b. 59 . b3 . 36 . a7, 59
f3 117 data b2 , 59 , aa . 31 . 3a. 89 . 36
, 34 , 00 , b7, Oc , 3f . 00 . 59 . b2 . 30
bb 118 data 00 .d9 . Oc .40. 00 , 50 . b2
. 31 . 33 . 30 . 35 . aa . 59 . ac . 34 . 30
79 119 data aa . 58. 3a , 51 , b2 . c2 . 28
. 50 . 29 . 3a . 5 1 , 31 . b2 . 5 1 . 3a . 89
76 120 data 35 . 34 . 00 . f a . Oc. 41 , 00
.8d.31.35,37.3a.8b,4f ,50,a7
22 121 data 4d.42 . b2 ,4d , 42 . aa . 31
, 3a . 9e , 35 . 30 . 38 . 38, 39 , 3a . 89
10 122 data 31 . 33. 34 . 00 . 08 . Od .43
. 00 . 53 . b2 . 53 . aa . 31 . 3a , 89 , 39
d2 123 data 39 . 00 . 18 . Od .44 , 00 . 4f
. 50 . b2 , 30 . 3a . 9e . 35 . 30 . 38 . 38
5f 124 data 39 . 00 . 3b. Od .46 . 00 , 8d
, 31 . 35 , 37 . 3a . 99 . 22 . 1 1 , 22 . a6
33 125 data 31 . 30. 29 . 3b. 3a . 56 . b2
. 54 . 3a . 4c . b2 , 31 . 3a . 8d . 38 . 31
46 126 data 3a. 54 . b2 .56 . 00. 77. Od
. 47. 00, 8d, 31, 35, 37, 3a, 99. 22
93 127 data 1 1 . 22 . a6 . 32 . 34 , 29 . 3b
. 3a , 56 . b2 . 53 . 3a . 4c . b2 . 31 , 3a
45 128 data 8d. 38 . 31 . 3a . 53, b2 , 56
. 3a . 9f . 31 . 2c . 38 , 2c . 31 , 35 . 3a
e9 129 data 98 . 31 , 2c, 22 . 49 , 22 , 53
. 44 , 24 , 3a . aO . 31 , 3a , 89 . 39 . 39
lb 130 data 00 . 98. Od , 48 . 00 . 8d . 31
, 35 , 37, 3a . 8b, 4f , 50 . a7 , 4d . 42
(3 131 data b2. 4d. 42 . ab. 31 . 3a .9e
. 35 . 30 . 38 , 38 . 39 , 3a . 89 . 31 , 33
aO 132 data 34, 00 . a6 , Od ,4a , 00 . 53
, b2 . 53 , ab. 31 . 3a . 89 , 39 . 39 . 00
d3 133 data bl . Od.4b. 00. 8b. 4f .50
. a7 . 31 , 30 . 00 , e3 , Od . 4d . 00 . 8d
4f 134 data 31,35,37,3a.54.b2.c2
. 28 . 50 . 29 . 3a , 44 . b2 , 33 , 37 . 3a
6£ 135 data 8b. 59 . b2 . 36 . a7. 44 , b2
. 32,37. 3a. 8b. 58. b2. 44. a7. 53
81 136 data b2 . c2 , 28 . 31 . 33. 30 . 35
. 29 . 3a . 89 , 39 , 39 . 00 . f 9 , Od , 4e
ad 137 data 00.8b.58.b2,44.a7,53
. b2 . c2 . 28 . 50 , aa . 33 . 29 . 3a . 89
26 138 data 39 . 39 , 00 , Oa. Oe . 4f . 00
. 53 . b2 . c2 . 28, 50 . aa . 31 . 29 . 3a
Od 139 data 89 . 39 . 39 . 00 ,48. Oe . 51
. 00 . 99 . c8 . 28. 22 , 9b. 20, 04, e2
16 140 data 22 . 2c ,4c , aa, 33, 29 , 3b
,c8. 28, 22,9d,04,e2. 22, 2c, 4c
lb 141 data aa, 32 , 29 , 3b. 3a , 81 .43
, b2 , 30 , a4. 31 , 3a , 54 , 24 , 28 . 43
57 142 data 29 . b2, 22 . 22. 3a , 82 . 3a
,57.b2.30.3a,56,31,b2.30.00
eb 143 data 60 . Oe . 52 . 00 , 99 . 22 .92
, 22 , 3b, 3a. 46 , b2 . a8 . 46 . 3a . 8b
29 144 data 46 . o7 , 99 . 22 . 1 2 . 22 , 3b
. 00 . 8b. Oe , 53 . 00 . 99 . 22 . 20 . 9d
8e 145 data 22 . 3b. 3a . 81 , 43. b2 . 31
, a4 . 31 , 30 . 3a . a 1 , 4 1 , 24 . 3a . 8b
be 146 data 41 , 24 , b3 . bl , 22 . 22 . a7
.99. 22. 92. 20, 9d, 22,3b. 3a. 89
4d 147 data 38 . 35 . 00 . 95 , Oe . 54 . 00
. 82 . 3a , 89 , 38 , 32 . 00 , bt , Oe , 55
81 148 data 00 , 8b. 4 1 . 24 . b2 , c7 . 28
. 32 . 30 . 29 . a7 . 8b, 57, bl , 30 , a7
7£ 149 data 99 . 22 . 9d . 20 . 9d . 22 . 3b
, 3a , 57 . b2 . 57 . ab, 31 , 3a . 54 . 24
09 150 data 28 . 57 . 29 , b2 . 22 . 22 . 00
.d0.0e.56.00,8b.41.24.b2.c7
c4 151 data 28,31 . 33, 29 . a7, 39 . 32
. 00 . e3, Oe , 57 , 00 . 8b, 41 . 24 . b2
d8 152 data 22 . 24 . 22 , af .57 . b2 . 30
, a7 , 39 . 31 . 00 , Ob . Of , 58 , 00 . 8b
95 153 data 28 .41 , 24 , b3. 22 . 30 . 22
, bO . 41 , 24 . bl . 22 , 39 , 22 , 29 , af
09 154 data 28 ,41 . 24 , b3. 22 . 41 . 22
, bO . 4 1 , 24 , bl , 22 . 46 . 22 . 29 . a7
b2 155 data 38. 32, 00 , 27 . Of ,59 . 00
.8b.41.24.bl.22.40.22.a7,4l
ed 156 data 24 . b2 . c7 . 28. c6 . 28 , 41
. 24 , 29 . aa . 31 . 32 , 38. 29 , 00 , 33
67 157 data Of . 5a . 00 . 8b, 57 . bl . 4c
,a7.38. 32. 00, 52. Of ,5b. 00,54
b7 158 data 24 , 28 . 57. 29 . b2 , 41 . 24
.3a.57,b2.57,aa.31 ,3a. 99, 22
23 159 data 92 . 22 .41 . 24 . 3b. 3a . 89
. 38 , 32 . 00 . 62 . Of , 5c . 00. 8b. 54
_b 160 data 24. 28, 30 . 29 . b2 . 22 . 22
. a7, 8e , 00 . 87 , Of , 5d . 00 , 56 , b2
dc 161 data 30. 3a. 4c. b2 , 30 , 3a . 8b
, 54 . 24 . 28 , 30 . 29 . b2 . 22 . 24 . 22
d7 162 data a7. 54 . 24 , 28 . 30, 29 . b2
. 22 , 22, 3a , 4c , b2 , ab, 31 . 00 . cO
cc 163 data Of . 5e , 00, 41 , 24 . b2 . 22
,22.3a.81.43,b2.30.a4.57.ab
08 164 data 31. 3a. 41. 24. b2, 41, 24
, aa , 54 . 24 . 28 . 43 , 29 . 3a . 82 , 3a
dc 165 data 41 . 24 . b2 , c9 . 28 , 22 . 30
, 04 . e2 , 22 . aa , 41 , 24 . 2c , 35 . 29
2e 166 data 3a . 8b. 4c . a7 . 39 . 36 . 00
. e9 , Of , 5f , 00 , 81 . 43 . b2 . 30 . a4
af 167 data 33 , 3a . 56 , b2 ,56 . aa . 28
, 31 . 30 , ae . 43 . 29 . ac . c5 . 28 . ca
Cf 168 data 28 . 41 . 24 . 2c . 35 . ab. 43
. 2c , 31 . 29 . 29 . 3a . 82 . 3a . 8e . 00
cc 169 data 19 , 10 ,60, 00. 81 , 43 , b2
, 30 . a4 , 31 . 3a , 81 , 57 , b2 , 30 , a4
95 170 data 31 . 3a . 97. 32 . aa . 57 . 2c
.c6.28.ca.28.41.24.2c.28.34
68 171 data ab.28.43.ac.32.29.29
,aa, 57, 2c. 31. 29, 29. 3a, 82, 00
02 172 data 39 . 10 . 61 . 00 . 9e . 35 . 31
. 31 . 35 , 30 , 3a . 56 . b2 . 56 . aa . 28
e2 173 data 32 . 35 . 36 . ae .43, 29 , ac
, c2 . 28 , 34 , 29 , 3a , 82 . 3a , 8e . 00
dd 174 data 74 . 10 . 63. 00 .9e . 35 . 30
. 38 . 38 , 39 , 3a . 8d . 31 . 35 . 37 , 3a
8f 175 data 99 . 22 . 1 1 . 22 , a6 . 39 , 29
,22.90.9b.20.03.e2.9d.03.e2
03 176 data 22 . 54 . 3a . Bd . 31 . 35 . 37
. 3a . 99 . 22 . 1 1 , 22 . a6 . 32 , 33 . 29
17 177 data 22 , 20 , 03 . e2. 9d . 03, e2
,9b. 22.53. 00. af . 10.64.00. 9f
Ob 178 data 31 . 35 . 2c , 38. 2c, 31 . 35
,3a,9f .35.2c.38.2c,35.2c.22
86 179 data 23 . 22 . 3a .98. 31 . 35 . 2c
, 22 , 55 , 31 . 3a , 35 , 2c , 22 . 53 . 44
dc 180 data 24 , 3b . 54 . 3b. 53 . 3a . 84
. 31 . 35 , 2c , 41 , 24 . 2c . 42 . 24 . 2c
e7 181 data 43. 24 , 2c. 44 . 24 . 00. e4
, 10 , 65 , 00 , 8b, c5 . 28 . 41 . 24 . 29
51 182 data b2,30.a7.9e.35.30.38
. 34. 33, 3a. 50. b2. 31. 33. 30, 35
d4 183 data 3a, 51 , b2 , c2 , 28, 50 . 29
. 3a . 5 8 . b2 . 30 , 3a . 59 . b2 . 30 . 3a
20 184 data aO . 35 . 3a , aO . 31 , 35 . 3a
, 89 . 33 . 39 , 00 . 24 . 1 1 , 66 . 00 , 99
d9 185 data 22 , 13. 22. 3b, 3a . 81 .58
. b2 , 3 1 . a4 , 34 , 3a , 9 9 . 22 . 20 . 28
26 186 data e2 , 22 , 3b. 3a , 82 . 00 . 59
. 11.67,00.99.22.93. 11 .05, 12
e7 187 data c4 , c9 ,d3. cb. 20 . c5 . d2
,d2.cf ,d2. 3a. 22. 3a. 99. 22. 05
Oc 188 data 1 1 . 22 .41 . 24 . 22 , 2c . 22
,42.24. 22.2c. 22.43, 24.22.2c
f9 189 data 22 , 44 . 24. 3a. aO . 35 . 3a
,a0.31.35.00.6c,11.68.00.al
05 190 data 4 1 , 24 , 3a . 8b , 4 1 . 24 , b2
. 22 . 22 , a7 . 31 . 30, 34 , 00 . 82 , 1 1
Oa 191 data 69 . 00 .54 , b2 , 31 . 38 . 3a
, 53 . b2 , 30 , 3a , 8d . 31 . 36 . 34 . 3a
b5 192 data 89 . 36 , 38, 00 . Bf , 1 1 , 9b
, 00 . 99 , 22 . 9 1 , 22 , 54 . 24 . 3a , 8e
39 193 data 00, a7, 11 . 9d . 00 . 99 . 22
, 13. 11 ,0d,r2,22.3a,8e,00.b8
6c 194 data 1 1 . 9e . 00 . 8d. 31 . 35 . 37
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46 195 data 1 1 . 9f , 00 , 81 , 43. b2 , 31
, a4 . 35 . 3a , 99 , 22 . 20 . 27 . e2 . 22
ec 196 data 3a . 82 . 00 . 16 , 12 . aO . 00
, 97 . 32 . 2c . 50 . 31 . 3a . 8d . 31 , 30
80 197 data 03 . e2 , 3a . 99 . 22 . 05 . 9 1
. 9 1 . 20 . 44 , 20 . c3 , 30, 22 , 57 . 24
fO 198 data 22 . 91 . 05 . e2. 22 . 22 . 00
.52.12.al.00.9e.35.31.30.33
17 199 data 35 . 3a . 9e , 35 . 31 , 31 . 38
, 31 . 3a . 8d , 3 1 , 36 . 34 . 3a . 9e . 35
09 200 data 31 , 30, 37 . 37 , 3a, 50 . b2
. 31 . 33 , 30 , 35 . 3a . 5 1 . b2 , c 2 . 28
5c 201 data 50 . 29 . 3a , 58. b2 , 30 , 3a
, 59 , b2 , 30 . 3a , 8b, 4f . 50 , a7 . 31
40 202 data 36 . 33 . 00 , 80 . 12 . a2 , 00
, 8d . 3 1 . 35 , 37 , 3a . 99 . 22 . 1 1 . 2 2
a3 203 data a6 . 39 . 29 . 22. 9b. 20 . 03
, e2 . 9d . 03 . e2 . 22 , 54 , a6 . 31 . 30
96 204 data 29 . 22 . 90 . 20 , 03 . e2 . 9d
,03, e2.9b. 22,53. 3a. 89.33. 39
b7 205 data 00 , b6 , 12 , a3 , 00 .97 . 32
, 2c . 4d . 42 , 3a , 8d . 31 , 3a , 99 . 22
70 206 data 1 3, 22 . a3 . 31 , 30 . 29 . 22
,11.05,e2,20.20,05,cd,c5,cd
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
21
C64/128 UTILITY
■
12 207 data cf . d2 .d9 , 20 . c2 . cc . cf
. c3 . cb. 3a . 20 . 9b. 24 . 22 . 57 , 24
17 208 data 3a . 89 . 33. 39 . 00 . t 3 . 12
, a4 , 00 . 97 . 35 . 33 . 32 , 38 . 30 . 2c
18 209 data 31 . 35 . 3a . 97 . 35 . 33 . 32
.38. 31. 2c. 31 .32. 3a, 99. 22. 93
40 210 data Oe . 22 . a6 . 39 . 29 . 22 . 1 1
. 1 2 . 90 . bO . cO . 15 . e2 . oe . 22 . 00
4f 211 data 35 . 13 . a5 . 00 .99 . a6 . 39
.29,22. 12. dd.20.d4.d2.cl.c3
9e 212 data cb . 2f . d3 , c5 . c3 .d4 . cf
,d2,20, c5.c4.c9.d4.cf ,d2.20
91 213 data dd . 22 . 3a . 99 . a6 . 39 . 29
. 22 , 1 2 . dd . 20 . 04 . e2 . c2 . 59 . 20
bl 214 data 20 , cc .45 .53 . 20 . cl . 4c
. 4c . 41 , 4e , 20 . 04 . e2 , dd . 22 . 00
21 215 data 5b. 13 . a6 . 00 . 99 . a6 . 39
.29. 22. I2.ad.c0. 15.e2.bd.92
2c 216 data 22 . 3a. 99 . 00 . Od , 13 . a7
. 00 . 99 . 22 . 05 . bO . cO . 26 . e2 . ac
11 217 data 22.3b.00.c3,13.a8.00
,99.22.dd.05. 1 2 . 20 . 20 . 9b . 20
29 218 data 24 . e2 . 05 . 92 .dd . 22 . 3b
. 00 . 01 . 14 . a9 . 00 , 81 . 43 . b2 . 31
8b 219 data a4 . 35 . 3a. 99 . 22 ,dd. 9b
, 12 . 20 . 26 . e2 . 05 . 92 . dd . 22 . 3b
45 220 data 3a . 82 . 00 . 36 . 14 , aa . 00
.99, 22.dd.9b. 12. 20. Ic,e2,05
2f 221 data 92 . 2e . Oa . e2 . dd . 22 . 3b
. 00.66 . 14 .ab.OO. 99 , 22.ab,cO
a7 222 data Oc , e2 . b2 . cO . Od . e2 . b2
, cO . Ob . e2 . b3 . 22 . 00 . 9e . 14 . ac
62 223 data 00 .99 . 22 . 91 .dd . 90 . 20
.20.d4.d2.cl .c3.cb.3a.20.04
bl 224 data c2 . 05 .dd . 90 . 20 . ^0 . d i
.C5.c3.d4.cf ,d2. 3a. 20.04, e2
52 225 data 05 .dd . 90 . 20. 20 . c2 . d9
, d4 . c5 . 3a . 20. 04 . e2 . 05 . dd . 22
84 226 data 3a . 00 . cf . 14 . ad . 00 . 99
. 22 .91 , ad. cO.Oc. e2. bl . cO.Od
Oc 227 data e2 . bl . cO . Ob , e2 . bd . 22
. 00 . 06 , 1 5 . ae . 00 . 99 . 3a . 99 . 3a
3f 228 data 99 . 22 , 20 . 03 . e2 . 97 . 1 2
.d2.92.05. 3a. 2d.d2.c5.cl . c4
2d 229 data 20, 03 . e2 .d3. c5 . c3 . d4
.cf ,d2. 20.04. e2. 12.97. ca. 92
08 230 data 05 . 3a . 2d . ca. d5 . cd . dO
. aO . cc . c9 . ce . cb. 22 . 00 . 39 . 15
2c 231 data af . 00 .99 . 22 , 20. 03 . e2
. 97 . 1 2 ,d7 . 92 . 05 . 3a . 2d . d7 .d2
e4 232 data c9 . d4 . c5 . aO , 20, d3 , c5
, C3 . d4 . cf . d2 , 20 . 04 . e2 . 1 2 . 97
38 233 data d4 . 92 , 05 - 3a . 2d . d4 . c5
. d8 . d4 , aO . cd , cf . c4 . c5 . 22 , 00
8d 234 data 6f . 15 . bO , 00 .99 . 22 , 20
,03.e2.97,12.2a.92.05.3a,2d
3a 235 data c3 . c8 . cl . ce . c7 . c5 . aO
, c2 . d9 . d4 . c5 . 20 . 06 . e2 . 1 2 . 97
2f 236 data d8 . 92 , 05 , 3a . 2d . cd . 2f
, c3 . 20 . 20 , cd . cf . ce , c9 , d4 . cf
dO 237 data d2, 22.00. a4, 15. bl .00
.99. 22. 20. 03. e2. 97. 12, 2b. 92
ab 238 data 05 . 3a. 2d , c6 . 27 ,d7 . cl
.d2.c4.a0.d3.c5.c3.d4,cf ,d2
56 239 data 20 . 04 . e2 . 12 . 97 , 2d . 92
, 05 . 3o . 2d . c2 . c I . c3, cb. aO . d3
96 240 data c5 . c3 .d4 . cf .d2 , 22 . 00
.bl.15.b2.00.9e.33.30.3B.38
86 241 data 39 . 3a . 8e . 00, dl . 15 . e8
.03,9e.35,31,03.e2.39,3a.57
al 242 data 24 . b2, c7 . 28 . c2. 28. 33
. 29 . 29 . aa . c7 . 26 . c2 . 28 . 34 . 29
aa 243 data 29.3a.8e.00.8e.0O.ee
,ff .e2.ee. ff .e2.ee. ff .e2.ee
64 244 data f f . e2 , ee . f f . e2 . ee . f f
.«2. ee. ff , e2.ee. ff .e2.ee. f f
6d 245 data e2 . ee . f f . e2 , ee . f f . e2
. ee . 08 . e2 , 20 . 44 , e5 . a9 . 00 . aO
ae 246 data 85 . f b. 85 . f d . 8d . 20 ,dO
. 8d . 2 1 . dO . a9 , 30 , 85 . f c . o9 . c6
(4 247 data 65 . f e . bl . f b . 9 1 . f d . c8
. dO . f 9 . e6 . f c . e6 , f e . a5 . f e . c9
a6 248 data dO .dO , ef .60, ee . f f , e2
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31 249 data ee.ff.e2.ee.ff.e2.ee
.ff .e2.ee. ff.e2.ee. ff, e2.ee
12
49
ea
5b
81
bd
eb
11
15
63
b3
3b
a6
28
ad
78
f6
f7
8e
f c
40
7b
78
84
f 9
49
ec
a3
58
be
eb
c6
8c
Oa
24
28
e6
7e
9c
d9
7d
63
250 data f f . e2 . ee . f f , e2 ,oe . f f
.e2.ee. ff .e2.ee, ff.e2.ee. ff
251 data e2 . ee . bO . e2 . a2 . 19 . aO
. 05 . 86 . f b. 64 . f c , a2 . 05 . 20 . c6
252 data f f . aO . 00 . 84 . 03. a2 . 26
,86. 02. 20, cf .f f .91 . f b.cB.dO
253 data 02 , e6 , f c . c6 . 03, f 0 . 08
, c6 . 02 . dO . ee . c8 . c8 . dO . e6 . 4c
254 data cc, f f . a2 . 19 . aO . 05 . 86
, f b , 84 , f c , a9 . 20 . aO . 00 , 84 , 03
255 data a2 . 26 . 86 . 02 . 91 . f b . c8
.dO. 02. e6 . t C.C6.03. f 0.08. c6
256 data 02 .dO . f 1 , cB . c8 .dO . e9
.60.o2. 19, aO. 05.86. fb. 84. fc
257 data a2.05.20.c9.f f .aO.OO
.04.03. a2 . 26 .86.02. bl . fb, 20
258 data d2.f f .c8.d0.02.e6.f c
, c6 . 03 . f 0 , 08 . c6 . 02 . dO . ee . c6
259 data cB .dO , e6 . 4c . cc . f f . a2
. 05 . 20 . C9 . f f , aO . 00 . b9 . 4c . c7
260 data 20. d2. f f ,c8,c0.06.d0
.f5.a0.00.ae.51.c7.bl.fb.20
261 data d2 . f f . c8 . ca . f 0 . Oc . e6
. 03 . a5 . 03 . c9 . 26 . dO . ef . c8 . c8
262 data dO. eb . 4c . cc , f f .4d . 2d
. 57 , 00 . 05 . 01 . 00. f f . 06. e2. a2
263 data 19 , aO . 05 . 86 . f b. 84 . ( c
.aO.00.84. 03, a2,00.a9.26 .85
264 data 02 . bl . f b. 9d . 00 . cO . e8
. c8 . dO . 02 . e6 . f c . c6 , 03 . f 0 . 08
265 data c6 . 02. dO. ed. c8 . c8 .dO
,e5.60.a2. 19. a0.05,86.fb.84
266 data f c . aO . 00 . 84 . 03 , a2 . 00
, a9 , 26 . 85 , 02 . bd , 00 . cO . 91 . f b
267 data e8 , c8. dO . 02 . e6 . f c . c6
. 03 . f 0 . 08 . c6 . 02 . dO . ed . c8 . c8
268 data dO . e5 . 60 . a5 . 02 . 48 . 29
. Of . 20 . c4 . c7 , 85 . 04 . 68 . 4a . 04
269 data e2.20.c4.c7.85.03.60
, 16.69.30. c9. 3a, 90. 02. 69. 86
270 data 60 , o5 , 02 . 20 . e3. c7 , Oa
, 04 . e2 . 85 . 04 . a5 , 03 . 20 . e3 . c7
271 data 05 . 04 .85 . 04 . 60 . 38 . e9
. 30 . c9 . Oa . 90 . 02 . e9 . 87 . 60 . ad
272 data e6 , cf . 8d . 16 . 03 . ad , e7
,cf .8d. 17.03. a9, 80. 20.90, ff
273 data 00 .d8 , 68 . 8d . 3e . 02 . 68
. 8d . 3d . 02 . 68 . 8d . 3c , 02 . 68 . 8d
274 data 3b. 02 .68 . aa. 66 . aB. 38
. 8a . e9 . 02 . 8d . 3a . 02 . 98 . e9 . 00
275 data 8d . 39 . 02 . ba . 8e , 3f , 02
. 20 , 57 . cd . a2 . 42 . a9 . 2a . 20 . 57
276 data ca . o9 . 52 .dO . 34 . e6 . cl
. dO . 06 . e6 . c2 . dO . 02 . e6 . 26 . 60
277 data 20 . cf . f f . c9 . Od . dO . f 6
. 68 . 68 . a9 , 07 . 20 . d2 . f f . a9 , 00
278 data 85.26.o2.0d.a9.2e. 20
. 57 . ca . o9 , 07 . 20 . d2 . f f , 20 , 3e
279 data c8.c9.2e.f0.f9.c9.20
. f 0 . f 5 . a2 . Oe .dd . b7 . cf . dO . Oc
280 data 8a.0a,aa.bd,c7.cf .46
. bd . c6 . cf . 48 . 60 . ca . 10 , ec , 4c
281 data ed , ca . a5 . cl . 8d , 3a . 02
, a5.c2.8d, 39.02.60. a9, 08. 85
282 data Id . aO . 00 . 20 . 54 . cd . bl
.cl , 20. 48, ca. 20. 33. c8. c6 , Id
283 data dO. f 1 , 60 . 20 . B8 . ca . 90
. Ob. a2. 00.81 -cl .03. e2. f 0.03
284 data 4c . ed . ca . 20 . 33 . c8 . c6
, Id. 60. a9 . 3b,85.cl , a9. 02.85
285 data c2, a9 . 05 . 60 .98 .40 . 20
. 57 . cd . 68 . a2 , 2e . 4c . 57 . ca . o9
286 data 07, 20 ,d2 - f f . a2 . 00 . bd
.ea.cf ,20.d2.f f .efl.eO. 16. dO
287 data f 5 . aO. 3b. 20 . c2 . c8 . ad
, 39 . 02, 20. 48. ca, ad , 3a, 02, 20
268 data 48 . ca. 20, b7. c8 . 20 . 8d
,c8.f0.5c.20.3e.cB.20.79.ca
289 data 90 . 33 . 20, 69 . ca . 20 , 3e
,c8, 20.79. ca, 90, 26. 20. 69. co
290 data a9,07. 20,d2.f f .20, el
. f f . f 0 , 3c . a6 , 26 . dO . 38 , o5 , c3
291 data c5.cl .o5,c4.e5.c2.90
. 2e, oO. 3a. 20.c2.cB. 20,41 . ca
292 data 20 . 8b , c8 . f 0 . eO . 4c .ed
. ca . 20 , 79 . cn . 90 . 03 . 20 , 80 . c8
04 293 data 20 . b7 . c8 . dO . 07 . 20 . 79
, ca . 90 . eb. a9 . 08 . 85 . Id . 20 , 3e
f3 294 dato c8,20.al . cB.dO. f 8.4c
.47. c8. 20. cf ,f f . c9 .Od, f 0,0c
28 295 data c9 . 20 .dO .dl . 20 . 79 . ca
. 90 . 03 . 20 . 80 . c8 . a9 . 07 . 20 . d2
lc 296 data f f . ae . 3f . 02 .9a. 76 . ad
, 39 . 02 . 48 . ad . 3a . 0 2 . 48 . ad , 3b
de 297 data 02 . 48, ad . 3c . 02 , ae , 3d
. 02, ac . 3e , 02 . 40 . a9 . 07 . 20 . d2
a7 298 data f f . ae . 3f . 02 , 9a . 60 . ea
. ea . aO . 0 1 . 84 . ba . 84 . b9 . 68 . 64
lb 299 data b7 . 84 .90 .84 . 93. a9 .40
,85.bb.a9.02.85,bc.20,cf .ff
ae 300 data c9 , 20 . f 0 . f 9 , c9 . Od . f 0
.38.c9.22.d0. 14. 20, cf .f f .c9
5f 301 data 22 , f 0 , 10 , c9 . Od . f 0 . 29
. 9 1 . bb . e6 . b7 . c8 . cO . 1 1 . dO . ec
Oa 302 data 4c . ed, ca. 20 , cf . f f . c9
.Od.f0,l6.c9,2c,d0,dc.20.88
Oa 303 data ca . 29 . Of . f 0 . e9 . c9 . 03
. f 0 . e5 . 85 . ba . 20 . cf . f f . c9 . Od
94 304 data 60 . 6c . 30 , 03. 6c . 32 . 03
. 20 , 96 , c9 . dO , d4 . a9 . 07 , 20 ,d2
5b 305 data f f . a9 . 00 . 20, ef , c9 . a5
, 90 . 29 , 10 . dO , c4 , 4c . 47 , c8 . 20
c9 306 data 96 . c9 , c9 . 2c .dO. ba . 20
,79,ca. 20.69 . ca. 20. cf . ff .c9
14 307 data 2c . dO . ad . 20 , 79 . ca . a5
. cl , 85 . ae , a5 . c2 . 85 , af . 20 . 69
8f 308 data ca. 20, cf ,f f ,c9,0d.d0
.98.a9.07.20.d2. f f ,20,f 2. c9
11 309 data 4c .47 . c8 , a5 . c2 . 20 . 48
. ca . a5 , cl , 48 . 4a . 04 . e2 . 20 . 60
2d 310 data ca . aa , 6B . 29 . Of . 20 - 60
,ca.48.8o.20.d2.ff ,66.4c. d2
4d 311 data f f , 09 , 30 , c9 . 3a . 90 , 02
, 69 , 06 . 60 . a2 . 02 . b5 , cO . 46 . b5
OB 312 data c2. 95 . cO , 68. 95 , c2 . ca
.dO.f 3. 60. 20, 88. ca. 90, 02.85
fl 313 data c2 . 20 . 88 . ca . 90 . 02 . 85
. cl . 60 . a9 . 00 . 85 . 2o . 20 . 3e . c8
07 314 data c9 . 20 . dO . 09 . 20 . 3e , c8
„c9.2Q,d0.0e, 18.60. 20, of . ca
cc 315 data Oa , 04 . e2 . 85 , 2a. 20 . 3e
, c8 . 20 . af , ca . 05 . 2a , 38 . 60 . c9
76 316 data 3a . 90 . 02 .69 . 08 . 29 . Of
,60.a2.02, 2c.a2.00,b4.cl . dO
73 317 data 08.b4.c2.d0.02.e6.26
,d6 . c2 . d6 . cl . 60 , 20 . 3e . c8 . c9
be 316 data 20 . f 0 . f 9 , 60 , a9 . 00 . Bd
. 00 . 01 , 20 . cc . ca . 20 , 8f , ca . 20
b6 319 data 7c, ca , 90 , 09 .60 . 20 . 3e
. c8 . 20 . 79 , ca , bO ,de , ae . 3f . 02
dO 320 data 9a . a9 , 07 . 20 ,d2 . f f . a9
,3f .20,d2. f f ,4c.47.c8,20.54
89 321 data cd . ca . dO , f a .60 , e6 , c3
, dO , 02 . e6 . c4 , 60 . a2 . 02 , b5 . cO
ff 322 data 48 . b5 , 27 , 95 . cO .68 . 95
. 27 , ca . dO . f 3 . 60 . a5 . c3 . a4 , c4
lc 323 data 38 . e9 . 02 . bO, Oe . 88 . 90
, Ob, a5 , 28 . a4 , 29 , 4c . 33. cb. a5
aa 324 data c3, a4 . c4 . 38. e5 . cl . 85
, le. 98. e5.c2. o8.05. le.60.20
Be 325 dato d4. ca . 20 .69 . ca . 20 . e5
. ca . 20 . Oc . cb . 20 . e5 . ca . 20 . 2f
d9 326 data cb . 20 .69 . co .90 . 15 . a6
. 26. dO. 64. 20, 26.cb.90.5f , ol
cc 327 data cl , Bl . c3. 20. 05 , cb. 20
.33,cB,d0.eb.20. 28, cb. 18. a5
32 326 data Ie.65.c3.85.c3.90.65
, c4 . 85 . c4 , 20 . Oc . cb, a6 . 26 . dO
e9 329 data 3d.al .cl .81 ,c3, 20.28
, cb , bO , 34 . 20 . b8 . ca . 20 . bb, ca
6b 330 data 4c,7d,cb.20.d4,ca.20
.69 .ca, 20. e5. ca. 20. 69, CO. 20
84 331 dato 3e.c8.20.8B.ca.90.14
. 85 . Id . a6 . 26 . dO . 1 1 . 20 . 2f . cb
bb 332 dota 90 . Oc . a5 . Id . 81 . cl . 20
, 33 . c8 . dO . ee . 4c . ed . ca . 4c , 47
67 333 dota c8. 20 ,d4 . ca, 20 . 69 . ca
, 20.e5.ca. 20.69 . ca. 20. 3e ,c6
00 334 data a2 . 00 . 20 . 3e . c8 . c9 . 27
,d0. 14.20, 3e,c8.9d. 10.02. e6
le 335 dato 20 . cf . f f , c9 . Od . f 0 . 22
,eO. 20,d0,f 1 . f 0, lc.8e.00.01
DISK I'SKKS HANDBOOK
22
C64/128 UTILITY
dd 336 data 20 ,Bf . ca. 90 . c6 . 9d . 10
,02,e8.20.cf .ff ,c9.0d,f0.09
5c 337 data 20 . 68 , ca . 90 . b6 , e0 . 20
.d0.ec,86. Ic.a9, 07,20, d2.ff
48 338 data 20 .57, cd . a2 . 00 . aO . 00
.bl .cl .dd. 10,02, d0,0c.c8.e8
4c 339 data e4 . lc . dO , f 3 . 20 . 4 1 . ca
, 20 . 54 . cd . 20 , 33 . c8 . a6 , 26 . dO
ee 340 data 8d , 20 , 2f . cb. bO . dd . 4c
, 47 . c8 . 20 . d4 . ca . 85 . 20 , a5 . c2
01 341 data 85 , 21 , a2 . 00 . 86 . 2H . a9
. 93 . 20 , d2 , f f . a9 , 07 , 20 ,d2 , f f
b6 342 data a9.16.65.ld.20.6a.ee
. 20. ca.ee, 85, cl ,84,c2,c6. Id
06 343 data dO . 1 2 . a9 . 91 . 20 . 62 . f i
, Ac . 47 , c8 . aO , 2c , 20 , c2 . c8 , 20
7b 344 data 54 . cd . 20 . 41 . ca . 20 . 54
,cd. a 2, 00, a 1 ,cl ,20.d9. cc.48
dc 345 data 20 . If . cd . 68 , 20 . 35 .cd
,a2.06.e0.03.d0.12,a4. If ,f 0
2b 346 data Oe . a5 . 2a . c9 . e8 . bl , cl
, bO . 1 c , 20 , c2 , cc , 88 . dO . f 2 . 06
64 347 data 2a . 90 , Oe . bd . 2a, cf . 20
. a5 . cd . bd , 30 . c f , f 0 , 0 3 , 2 0 , a5
50 348 data cd . ca ,d0,d5 . 60 . 20 . cd
.cc,aa,e8,d0.01,c6,98.20.c2
e7 349 data cc . 8a , 86 , lc , 20 ,48, ca
,a6. lc.60. a5, If ,38,a4.c2.aa
48 350 data 10 . 01 . 88 . 65 . cl , 90 , 01
,c8.60.a8.4a,90.0b,4a.bO. 17
e9 351 data c9 . 22 , f 0 . 13, 29 . 07 . 09
. 80 . 4a . aa . bd . d9 . ce , bO . 04 , 4a
7d 352 data 04 . e2 . 29 . Of ,dO , 04 , aO
.80. a9 .00, aa. bd. ld.cf .85. 2a
57 353 data 29 . 03 .85 . If . 98 . 29 . 8f
.aa.98.a0.03.e0.8a.f0.0b.4a
21 354 data 90 , 08 . 4a ,4a . 09 . 20 .88
. dO . f a . c6 . 88. dO . f 2 . 60 . bl , cl
73 355 data 20, c2 . cc . a2 . 01 , 20 . fe
.ca,c4. If .c8.90. f 1. a2,03,c0
ef 356 data 04 , 90 . f 2 . 60 . a6 . b9 . 37
.cf .85. 2B.b9.77, cf . 85 , 29 , a9
9d 357 data 00 . aO . 05 , 06 . 29 , 26 . 28
, 2a,88.d0.f8.69.3f ,Z0,d2,f f
dd 358 data ca .dO .ec . a9 . 20 . 2c . a9
,0d ,4c.d2. t t . 20,d4,ca. 20,69
«6 359 data ca . 20 , e5 , ca . 20 . 69 . ca
.a2.00,86.28.a9.07.20.d2.ff
ca 360 data 20 . 57 . cd . 20 . 72 . cc . 20
,ca.cc.85,cl .84. c2. 20, el ,f f
d2 361 data f 0 . 05 , 20 . 2f . cb. bO . e9
,4c.47.c8.20.d4.ca,a9.03.85
cc 362 data Id . 20 . 3e , c8. 20 . al . c8
.dO. f 8. a5. 20,85 .cl ,a5,21 ,85
3e 363 data c2 , 4c . 46 . cc . c5 . 28 . f 0
,03.20.d2,ff .60,20, d4.ca, 20
29 364 data 69 . ca . 8e . 11 . 02, a2, 03
, 20,cc.ca.48.ca,d0. f 9 . a2,03
11 365 data 68, 38. e9 , 3f , aO , 05 , 4a
.6a.ll.02.6e-. 10, 02 . 88. dO . f 6
6e 366 data ca . dO . ed , a2 . 02 . 20 . cf
.f f ,c9,0d.f 0. Ie.c9.20,f 0,f 5
85 367 data 20. dO . ce , bO . Of . 20 . 9c
.ca.a4.cl,84.c2.85.cl,a9,30
79 368 data 9d , 10 . 02 . e8. 9d, 10 , 02
. e8 , dO . d b . 86 . 28 . a2 . 00 . 86 . 26
5a 369 data f 0 . 04 . e6 , 26 , f 0 , 75 , a2
, 00 , 86 . Id . a5 , 26 , 20 . d9 . cc , a6
31 370 data 2a . 86 . 29 , aa. be . 37 . cf
,bd,77.cf . 20, b9.ee, d0.e3.a2
00 371 data 06 , eO, 03. dO . 19 . a4 . If
,f0.l5.a5,2a,c9.e8.a9.30.b0
91 372 data 21 , 20 , bf . ce .dO, cc . 20
. c 1 . ce . dO . c7 . 88 . dO. eb . 06 , 2a
3a 373 data 90 . Ob. be . 30. cf , bd , 2a
,ef .20. b9.ee. d0.b5,ca,d0.dl
84 374 data f 0 . Oa . 20 , b8 , ce . dO . ab
. 20 . b8 . ce . dO, a6 , a5 , 28 . c5 . Id
59 375 data dO. aO . 20. 69 . ca . a4 . 1 f
, f 0 , 28 . a5 . 29 . c9 . 9d . dO . 1 a . 20
29 376 data lc.cb.90.0a.98,d0.O4
, a5 . le. 10. Oa. 4c, ed. ca,c8.d0
90 377 data f a . a5 . le . 10, f 6 . a4 , 1 t
,d0.03.b9.c2,00.91.cl.88.d0
e7 378 data f 8 . a5 . 26 , 91 . cl . 20 . ca
, cc , 85 , cl , 84 . c2 . a9 . 07 . 20 , d2
dc 379 data f f , aO , 4 1 . 20 . c2 , c8 . 20
,54.cd,20.41.ca.20,54,cd,a9
4c 380 data 07 . 20 . d2 . f f . 4c , bO , cd
,a6. 20. bf .ce.dO. 11 .98. f O.Oe
97 381 data 86 . lc . a6 . Id . dd , 10 . 02
,08.e8.86. Id.a6. lc. 28.60.c9
56 382 data 30 . 90 . 03 . c9 . 47 , 60 . 38
, 60 . 40 . 02 . 45 . 03 . dO , 08 . 40 , 09
fa 383 data 30 . 22 . 45 . 33 ,dO . 08 . 40
.09.40. 02.45, 33. dO. 08.40. 09
10 384 data 40 . 02 , 45 . b3 . dO . 08 . 40
, 09 . 00 , 22 . 44 . 33 . dO . 8c . 44 . 00
7a 385 data 1 1 , 22 . 44 . 33 . dO . 8c . 44
,9a, 10. 22. 44.33. dO, 08, 40. 09
e5 386 data 10 . 22.44 . 33. dO . 08 , 40
,09,62. 13.78. a9.O0,21 ,81 . B2
f5 387 data 00 . 00 . 59 . 4d . 91 . 92 . B6
. 4a. 85. 9d. 2c. 29.2c. 23. 28. 24
9d 388 data S9 . 00 , 58 . 24 , 24 . 00 . 1 c
.6a. lc. 23.5d.8b. Ib.al ,9d.8a
cd 389 data Id . 23. 9d . 8b. Id . al ,00
,29, 19. ae. 69. a8. 19.23, 24.53
85 390 data lb. 23 . 24 . 53. 19 . al . 00
. 1 a . 5b . 5b . a5 . 69 . 24 . 24 . ae . ae
lc 391 data a8 . ad . 29 . 00 . 7c . 00 . 15
. 9c . 6d . 9c . at . 69 . 29 . 53 . 84 . 1 3
48 392 data 34 . 1 1 . a5 . 69 . 23. aO . d8
,62. 5a. 48. 26.62.94.88.54.44
9e 393 data cB . 54 . 68 . 44 . e8 . 94 . 00
. b4 . 08 . 84 , 74 , b4 . 28 . 6e . 74 . f 4
ea 394 data cc . 4a, 72 , f 2 . a4 . 6a . 00
.aa.a2. a2 . 74 . 03 . e2 . 72 . 44 , 68
e2 395 data b2 . 32 . b2 . 00 . 22 . 00 . la
. la. 26. 26.72.72. 88. e8.c4,ca
46 396 data 26 . 48 . 44 .44. a2 . c6 . 3a
. 3b . 52 . 4d . 47 . 58 . 4c . 53 . 54 . 46
33 397 data 48 . 44 .50 . 2c . 41 , 42 . c9
.35.c9.ee. c8. f7, c8, 56. c9. 89
f2 398 data c9 . f 4 . c9 . Oc . ca , 3e . cb
. 92 . cb. cO . cb . 38 , cc , 5b. cd . 6a
a3 399 data cd . ac . cd . 46 , c8 . f f . c7
.ed.c7.0d,20.03.e2.50,43.20
d7 400 data 20.53.52,20.41.43.20
. 58 . 52 . 20 . 59 . 52 . 20 . 53 . ee . a2
87 401 data 00. bd . 81 . le .9d . 10 . 01
,e8,d0,f7,a2.34,bd,e8. le,9d
Oe 402 data 00 . 03 . e8. dO. f 7 , ea. ea
. a2 . f f . 9a . a9 . 00 . 85 , 2d , 38 . e9
c3 403 data 01 . 85 . f e . a9 . 3a . 85 . 2e
. e9 . 00 . 85 . f f . a9 . 3e . 85 . f c . a9
73 404 data le . 85 . f d . ad . 21 .dO . 85
,fb. 4c. 52. 01. 00 ,00, 00. 00. 00
da 405 data 00,00.19.08.02.00.8b
. C2 , 28 . 35 , 31 , 36 . 30 . 33 , 29 , b3
d7 406 data bl . 39 , 36 . a7 , 9e . 36. 34
,30. 30,00, 4e. 08.03. 00.86,43
e6 407 data 24 .48 . c6 . f c . a5 , f c . c9
, f f . d0.02.c6 . f d, 68. 60. 48, ad
d2 408 data 20 .dO . 49 . 03. 8d . 20 .dO
,c6,fe.a5,fe,c9.f f .d0.02.c6
05
52
Ob
30
8f
b4
3d
6f
83
b7
dl
9f
9c
27
409
.c9.
410
.bl .
411
.01.
412
.a5.
413
,60.
414
.a9.
415
.a9.
416
.fc,
417
.a9.
418
.2c.
419
.43.
420
421
422
data ff .68.60. aO. 00. bl.fc
e2.dO. 18. ea.ea.ea. 20, 30
data Ol.bl.fc.aa.20.30.01
f c.91 .f e . 20. 3d .01 .ca.dO
data fB.fO.05. 91 .fe.2Q.3d
a6.f c.ca.86.f c.eO.f f .dO
data 02.c6.fd.a5.fe,c9.1f
f f . e9 . 08 . bO . c6 . a5 . f b . 6d
data 20.d0,a9.37,85.01,20
a6.20.8e.a6.a2. If .bd. 10
data O1.9d.00.08.ca.d0.f7
e2 . 4c . 34 . 03 . 4c . ae . a7 , 00
data a9.00.a8.85.1b.85.fd
60 . 85 , f c . a9 . 08 . 65 . f e . bl
data fb.91.fd.cfl.dO.f9.e6
e6 , f e . a5 . f c . c9 . aO . dO . ef
data a5.ba.aa.afl. 20. ba.ff
Oc . a2 . 64 . oO . 97 . 20 , bd . t f
data a9.01.65.2b.a9.08.85
a9. 2b,a2.b2.aO. If . 20. dB
data f f . 4c. 66. fe. 54. 52. 41
4b. 20. 45. 44. 49, 54, 4f .52
: :
cc 423 !
d7
424 : track/sector editor fo
r cbm 64 :
ca 425 i
87 426
an
dO 427
written by lea al 1
e5 428
:::::::::::
DISK rSKHK HANDBOOK
2.i
C64 PROGRAMMING
DIR
Cover
// can sometimes be a real pain w hen trying to find one
specific program that's hidden aw ay on one of over 100
disks. DIR COVER will make life much easier as it will
produce, a disk cover on a printer, that you can cut out
and make. A total list of all the programs found on the
disk will be printed on the cover, together w ith lots
more useful information about the programs.
By Elizamac Mackenzie
D r cover is designed for the
Gemini 10X printer, although slight
modifications can be made for other
printers. The program is simple to use.
as it's just a case of answering the
prompts. It will not accept wrong
answers (within reason, though it will
accept anything between 01-12 for the
month or 01-31 for the day), when
entering the date.
If you choose the first prompt, (to
screen) then you may view the
directory as it will be printed before
choosing your print option. As well as
directory or plain disk covers, you can
now print a directory to the right or
left column, (saving paper) or in
double width, if it is only listings which
are needed, (with or without the start
addresses or just some).
It is very handy (and can save hair
pulling) to have this as well as the usual
information, plus track, sector, date.
disk name and number, and also
blocks free on the cover.
Further information can be added,
when saving a program to disk. You
press shift/space after the filename.
Then type one or more letters to
indicate the information you may
need, before typing the closing quotes.
For example:
SAVE'*MC.PROG(SH/SP)lS".
When the directory is listed the MS' is
outside the quotes, you do not include
this with the filename when loading, it
just tells you to load with ,8.1 and SYS,
the SYS number being normally the
start address which could be on the
cover.
Print the covers on different
coloured paper and you'll have a
rainbow library (as I have), with a
different colour for different types of
files. Also you can see at a glance
which disks are games or utilities, etc.
If you do have printing problems,
refer to your printer manual. The lines
that may need altering are: (130
REMOVE REM). (1530 and 2030
TIGHT PRINT. You could remove
the REM from line 1650). (1540. 1550
and 2040 2050 SET LEFT MARGIN).
For someone with a non-graphics
printer, the graphics could be changed
in lines 670-680. 2050-2080. 2350-
2380. The other graphic lines are
obvious. Use T. *** and the dash *-'.
The 87 in line 410 will need to be
changed each year if you don't want a
rude answer.
The 75 in lines 2330. 2470, 2480,
can be altered if you have mote than 75
files on your disk, and it w ill depend on
paper length, (you can get it cut to the
length you wnat). More files will then
be printed to the back flap and can be
turned in. Paring the sides of the flap
allows easy access.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
24
or vni innanaij.'i./:) i 'ii tie
f J l ll
1 1 J
n a ">n
n iiiu
cu
/OU :
*iiu l f /'I. imiuiiULS. / .i) i-n/
14
//u openl d . o , lb : pr i nt#15 . 10
cncn 'hu
:gosuD iyoO:rem error cnann
37
10
oj
i «cu print cnr s (i/ispciiu) : |
6 1
r vson i aummy t rvsor i i : i or l * 1 1
uy
/au openb.b.a. su.s.r : rem r
9b
20
rem • *
oduu : next 1
ead directory
ey
*iju print cnrsiiiD): | spciD f
Do
/yu gosuD lyou
52
30
rem * directory printer *
.print i up j i ; goto jou
i y
OUU !
Of,
jh
oiu iori"itoi*ii;:getwo.xs:nex
67
40
rem * *
CO
i yi"iei(»i ini. t leni ins I J/
1 1
£i . z>'rjqni»iin*. i ioih injj )/
f 1
i j
otu iori"HJtoiou :getwo.xj :fl
6e
50
rem ■ by elizamac *
71
» r ii»TX3i . next 1
HD
SjU QflJ SQJ* |s . SpCD , S , SZ |
UJ
oju tori"ioir. oio«!;get*o.xs:i
73
60
rem ■ '
:aJS~ I3Z.3-.3PC0.3-J '9111
as"ia$*xs ■ next i
no
*tOU ll l"U[H*Cnrji | 14 1 * ISZDj
t j
oiu getwo.xsiiori'ioitoioDig
b9
70
rem * September /86 *
.lis 1 J I » t r . . . i . 1 :
etfio. x» . trs*ti s + xs : next i
O K
*» ' U JD1 3Q4 + | 3 pc / . S . SPC 1 U I
f £
oou rori — it>otOAiD4:getn'o. xs : n
df
80
rem * *
-DJ1" ISPCIU.S— | +qnj
ext i
ftf
o 1
ua
HoU aD"H
87
90
rem *********************
U 1
36
870 bc-bc*l
*
Jii
duu pr inc cnr* ! i*t3i spc ( / 1 j : j
99
880 if ab-8then ab-l:goto 91
5e
100 :
nput i rvson i i ist aouoie wiat
0
8e
110 print chr$< 147) .poke 532
>' I y / n | i r vsoi i . spc j * lei tjj
74
890 ab-ab-t- 1 : get #8 . x$ . xs : r i -s
GO.
11: P0k8 53281.15
; ass
t
9b
12(
) gn$-""
Kin . ( - ■ v " 1 lien id t —ffn * ( 1
ae
9uu if f i< >0 tnen 1090
73
130 rem gn$*chr$ ( 8) : rem for
J \ . r*fc*i Mfr*Tnf*ini i^un^l Ki/G^n 1
1 2
ylCJ get#b.x$:if x$ B then xl
some printers
LO pr UllPi UOUD IP WlUtll | FVoO
=chr$ ( 133)
DO
140 :
f f 1 " - r A t urn
ii i .return
f 4
920 tl-st:lf f l< >0 then 1090
cl
150 dim ft$(5> :fori-0to5:rea
6e
520 if di*< >"n"t hen print rh
dx$:f t$f i ) »x$:next l
*-*M4*il • nnf n inn
i i> i hji ;soto juu
73
9 30 ty$-f t$( (asc (x$) andlOl 1 -
6f
160 dim f$(144.S)
2e
530 :
128)
eO
170 di-0:f b-664:sdS-chrt<15)
a7
540 print chrs ( 171 spc (7) : : l n
69
940 get#8.x$:if xJ-""then x$
Hi if " 1 V ATk 1 I T ■ * * ] r * f" t I i|nir\ f
cnt s \ u j
82
180 data do 1 . 3eq . prg , usr . re 1
spc J I I y / n | i rvsot I | ; irj
ii f
at
yDO trs'rightsl *str$fasc
.del
( X$ 1 ) , d)
81
190 :
nen print iupji : aoto omu
Da
you aetfu.x*: ii xs 3 tnen x»
4f
200 gosub 3000: rem introduct
ll ia
aC
dou ll irj w y then print spc
-cnrs lu)
ion
I o j ; i uowrw . rvson ito pr i nLer
oo
H J
y/u ses'rigntu tstrstasc
52
21C
' gosub 2700:rem scr/print
left colunmlrvsof f ) :retur
(xl ) ) . 2)
speed
n
27
— f~\ - . £ ' + 111! £ * ^\ a * A A ft* fk
980 fi$- ; f or i -3t ol 8 : get »8 .
47
22C
1 print chr $f )47lchr$U49)
1C
D'U piint spc lot ; luowni . i vs
x$;f i$-fis*x$:nexti
" Id
iOwnS 1 " ; spc (7) : : input " [ rvs
onlto printei* right columnlr
D/
yyo tori-iyto2/:get#o.x$rnex
on )
d i sk number I rvsof f 1 " ; d l
vsoi i i :return
1 1
90
23C
1 print chr$( 171 spc(7) : : in
<; on
ID
iuuu getty . i ds , nbs
put
"(rvsonllist to screen [y
1 ij
la
Dyu print cnrii.;oispci it) ; I
oe
iuiu Di-asc( iDS+cnr*(0) > *2oo
/n| (rvsof fj "-.apt
down4. rvsonl is printer set ?
" asc (nDs*cni s I U) 1
0a
240
if sp$<>"n"and spSO"y"t
1 rvsof f ! chr$ 1 149)
f 4
1020 if ty$< >"de 1 then fb-fb
her
print " [up2| "; :goto 230
10
duu print spciUJ : idownj.rvs
-D 1
250
if sp$-"y"then dv»3:qoto
on) press any key to continue
ta
lUJu Ms-riaiitH Ispcbl «str
720
I rvsor 1 1
»(D1) , 3 )
3f
260
"J
oiu »*<> it 1'O.i.get as. ir a>
O /I
y *4
iuiu ii tr** u tnen iuyu
C7
270
dv-4: gosub 300:go3ub 700
t ne n o i u
i n*> n (iih- in - ' 1 1 . < r i ii_4-
1 UDU l»lPC.U) r I 1 S : I 5 t DC . 1 J " t
: if
xs-"n"then 220
f fl
I u
670. if n*- j'llion 1Q7H
o iu ii as— h tnen i»iu
r S : 1 S 1 DC , £) ■■809 : IS t DC , J) - D1S
69
280
goto 720
t ft
f\^n raf itrn
oou return
: I S I DC , 1 * t ys
19
290
:
ctl
C*I
D 1U Walt lyO.l.get Xiblll XS-
OO
y y
1UOU IS.DC.DJ" ISpCOl
9e
300
dC$-"": lr$'"":ds$-"": it
y ona x»\ ' n ana x*\ * g in
c c
lu/u it cys" prg tnen tsiDc,
sd$
-chr$(14)then sd$-chr$(15
en o*ju
-> 1
)
rQ
C 7
d_iu ii x a» g tnen lyzu
1 /i
1 H
i non -ai a ait~\
juou goto W'U
30
310
print chr$( 1451 spc (7) : : i
1 R
W U 1 C^<JI 11
j e
iuiu cioseo
nput" Irvsonl print disk cover
au
o/u print*'!, sas; is — i ; : i oi i
oa
1 1 n'l
1 1UU :
[8PC31 Iv/nl Irvsof f 1 ";ds
■iio'uiprini.fi, j is; t next i ; pr
f n
33
320
if d*. >"y"and d$<>"n"the
irit» < *. 13-j : an*: return
i j
DO
iidt) 11 tsiDc.oi" tnen dc-d
n print chrS U45) : goto 310
Q f
y e
c — l : goto 1 1
46
330
if d*-"n"then 500
f AA
i e
OaU pr lIitlfH,SclS:SPC( '1 . 1 or 1
oa
1 1 3U iDi-riantsi |spc4l *str
f 5
340
print chrl ( 17)spc(7) : : in
i i'jjo . pi nil ii . ( i k. . next i . pr
S I I D) , J J
put
" [rvsonldirectory on cove
int»M.griS: iota
DU
iihU dis-rightSi lspc4l *str
r [y/nl (rvaoff )'*;dc$
ovu i et urn
Jldii , j)
91
350
if dc$< >"y"and dct< >"n"t
Do
1)50 :
hen print"|up2)": :goto 340
74
i <j>J pi 1 II L apt. U)i . 1 (JOW11 £ , I Vb
Cl
iiou 11 ati 1 n tnen liaU
d7
360
print chr$( 17) spc(7) : inp
on j i .i Litis correct iy/nj ■ 1 r
«y
li'u print cnrsiii/ispcio):
ut"
[rvsonl j acke t name 1 rvsof f
vsof f ] "
(down6 . rvson 1 the start addre
] jn$
?t
710 gosub 640:return
ss (y/n| ?[rvsoff)"
40
370
print chr$ ( 17) spc (71 ;"|r
f7
715 :
01
1180 gosub 640: if dv-3 and x
vsonjenter today's date : | rv
cl
720 print chr$ 1 1471 spc f 1 1 1 : "
$-"n"then print chr$(147) : go
sof f I "
[down6. rvson] insert correct
to 1500
83
380
print chrII171spc(7) ; = in
58
disk! rvsof f 1 "
85
1190 if dv-4 and x$-"n"then
put
" I i vson I dy /mo/yr I rvsof f 1 "
730 gosub 600:rem keypress
1450
idtS
9a
740 print chr$ ( 147) spc (9) ; " 1
8e
1200 :
la
39 0
if val tmid$(dt$. 1 .21 Kl
down6 . rvson) p 1 ease be patien
ab
1210 print chrS (17) spc 115) : "
or vaHnud$(dt$.1.2) ) >31 the
t Irvsoff ) "
[1] all"
n 420
«8
750 print chr$ 1 17) spc ( 1 1) : " [
35
1220 print chr$ ( 17) spc ( 15) ; "
a7
400
if val(mid$Idt$.4.2)l<l
rvsonl reading directory Irvso
12) some"
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
2f>
97
1230 wait 198.1:get as: if a$
ec
10DU rem printwi.sa*. is . sp
1A\ , navt i * r cm I i aa f a
l UJ ; next i . rem i i nt. i eeti
s 1 ana. q** a tnen iaju
ClO.9— J 1 S— J 13 , spcj.a ,s
a7
C /
TARfl nri nr<4 *nDA(ll-rhr$(706
t, u o u prinfi.spt-tij .iaiir*»asvv
yy
Jiiu ii a* a tnen print, tin
nf-T ti— oaaS ■— 1 " • ant
r 1 ■ ■ ,spu .s i .yn*
l'ipr(60)-'"fold"* spc (4) • chr$
s' ii/i cnrsi i/i : hoio la/\j
A A
1 A. A A nAvt i
i oou next l
\ a£UD f
en
l&DU 11 a» l tnen print cnr
C/
10/u pr i n t wi . so* . I'-'-.s io • •*
OR
UO
■j no n
tfuy u ■
>l H/jspci ; i aowno , rvson i
e.3 «i,ce.3 ^.ce.s o.te.s j-l.
AA
">inn iinonh - ram f a 1 rl
jUSt a mo me 1 1 t . . . |i vavi i i
e.s J.txi *yn*
7110 print#4 dn£ ■ spc (54) ■ d 1 $
a-* A A v c* j iia_Tn . . \ . u_r ^«
CO
a?
C ti
i <on ni-i»t na . n 1 ai~o4 ■rlfiipl'i
A at
Uo
i<z/u rori-itODc
-7 -1
/ £
loyu ii st" 3 tnen s» = . pw
ye
7170 nrinf «4 1 f « ■ ■ f nra-l t O f 1
iiiw printwi.iis.-iorH itvii
£ A
1 9PO if f«(i V'Dro"thon 1
e tji .u. rem u nor ma i sppeu
7_ i pn ( i n* 1 ) /? ■ pr i nt#4 " "-'n
410
vf
1 £ AR
extg : printwH . j n*.
4f
1290 if as- l tnen uiu
o^
l /uu ir ov s i tnen print cnr*
it =a
aa.
A1 1A if ( 1 an 1 wtl 4 1 i-n ItII 1<* Ian
23
1 300 :
(l4/)spciiu) : I aowno . rvson i p
1 int) fKati r>vir>t It A GAAln-1 1 • r
Ijnsi tnen print Tfi . api. ii <r
cc
l Jiu pr 1 nt spc i jj ; i s 1 1 . u * ,
iint again iy/n) t i rvnoi i i
f 1; ■ aot o 7160
|y/n|
68
1 '10 it QV-3 tnen print cnr*
C J
Al /A rr 1 nf lu an-lnl ■ rf *
ziiu pr i n t *i . spc \ h i .ii*
oe
1 JiU QObUD 01U.ll X* 11 tnen
/ 1 *7 \ i.aa ( 1 1 \ 11 lrMCAnl\/\ou /■ 1 rl
(l/)!>pClllJ: irvsonivjfw ay a
■S4
71 'iO •
a 1 J U
print lupzi .goto inu
in ly/ni rirvsoiii
a /
?lfin orintt4 dnS ^rc(11 *"dis
1 U U J^l Ilia* 1 f Ull^ i aTfV 1 * / . ^a.*aj
Uu
IJJU
65
1/^U goSUD oiu.ll av»j ana x
fc/"'fiiS-RDr( 36 1 d 1 1 ■ spc ( 1 1 *di
/l
uiu sas"isii,uj
»■ n tnen i /ou
*
.1 Aa
**c
1 ?C(1 .-ar.ia.raQ ft O "Hi "ioatl" n
iJDU opena.o.o, u. 'sai' .p.
3D
1 / JU ll Ov-J ana xi" y tnen
ia
r "
print cnrsi 14/1 :goto iduu
|,_|«, i/IC . " la-l " iff*. " la- If /
|S— J ;ias: 1 3— J , tIS. |s Ii/
£ A
1 jo u losuD iyou
DO
A if ^ t . *. A art/I v4« "t\ " 1 ll ti n
1 /iu ii Qv"i ana x * n tnen
hlVi* • f hi ■ sor ( 91 -diS
OIKS. .1 U* iSpi.171 .UJ*
Jl
1J/U OcltO. 1 D* i nc*
i a^n
1 OIU
DO
71 flfl •
yo
I JOU S a aSC I IDl'tniJIUI )
yc
1 /DU gOSUD DVU : 11 Ql" y tnen
ae
O-J
71QO if rlrt- "n" t h#»n onto 752
asci nDS 'cnr » i uj j
T A 1A
A
U
ni
UD
i jy u c i oseo
r j
1 /ou goto i ..'UU
a,
y a
7700 •
„ -i
cz
nuu I $ 1 1 . d i ~r ign t » \ ispcoi
ca
1 T7A
1 / /U :
y i
7710 orinf*4 Hnl'SDA(9l-"[S*
*s t rs I sat . d/
b/
l /ou print crtrs ( i lot spc i y i .
1 n i*a^ a* Aa Ar R* Aa r~ y~ a* A
Ait
1 "in navf i
lliu next l
irvsonjsena to printer iy/ni
a q* ai- ac a" 1 1 " -inr IQI •
AD
1 1 JU :
.'irvsotij ;gosiiD oiu
Hi*
UJ *
u 1
14"*n if riv— 3 then aoiiib 600-
aa
1 7QA if v? lien 1 QOfl
l 'VU it x» n tnen i>uu
61
7770 nrint*4 dn$ ■ spc (91 • "f i 1
-,.,.1 -i, c f 1 , nr\* r\ 1 S AO
print cnr s in/i .goto uuu
4/
lbuu av-4
an JmuC t f onr a a— 1 r K f <t< — } I a — 1
Ul
1440 orint rhrS 1 1 471 rhrS ( 28 )
ji*tu print i»nr»iJ*t'iv-iu»i^u/
1 Al n nt-inr r hr* f 1 47 \ " 1 dnwnS 1
loiu print cni*i.H'' i uowi u i
hlk f^-ltvD l*a~lstart" - 3 PC (91 -
U 1 A | tJ J a. J K \ »J | □ I Ul a_ . V / ; .
3 PC i J l : I Qownj ■ rvson \ wo it un
: rgosuD JUU :gosuo /UU: IE x»
Jia
aj s
til tne uiivs iignt yoea 011
■ n tnen xsiu
Q A
84
o t ^ n
zzJU :
1 rvsoi e i
ba
4 Q1A nwi ^ v- it f 1 A~t \ 11 IH AMnS 1
lti^u print cnrsin/i iaownj|
by
<;<d4U pr i nt , an* : spc i y j ; isz
O A
1 ^ c\ A Aot i K ROfl
J1JU goaUD j»u
>* ^. a * a \ A R A
: goto 14DU
ID ,St,BZ<.,8* .3Z<>.S» ,SZJ,3 + .3
a n
eu
1 A£i A if np\t n " ' ^ }iiiri AnanA 4
iiou ii gns~ tnen openo.t.o
17
1B30 :
ZaJ.si-.szDi jspciyj ; QJ s
•nrinttfi rhrf(71t -rlmefi
De
loiu print cnr s 1. 1 id ; spc i o i .
AC
yo
">*>R A ,~ a- at fl
ItltjU CC U
f n
r y
11 '*J :
[ rvson 1 change print option 1
AaT
8o
<jtioU rori~ito dc
f £
I o
HoU ir as H y tnen &\}&>j
y/nj ?1|-V30lt| :gOSllD OflU
a0
A1AA fifla_fd.fi Al . L a-|*nf fit 1l
tis-isli.ui.trs-tsii.ij
ea
1 ^ A A
nyu :
do
1850 if xi" n tnen iyuu
: Ses-I » I 1 * 4-1 :DlS"r»lJ.J) :tys
A -v
•ia
1DUU it av" jtnen print spci/
4b
lBoO prjn* cnr$ll*#/i inownD)
i. i* i k. A \
-r $(i.4)
I ; to ow n,rv3oiij press o ait>
ii . t n/sm iK inn . n /\AiiK "? n n i i f v <f
C 1
lion if * ■■ * — "A a 1 " r Kan nn + s\ ~>
aiiioU ii tys = Qei tnen goto «;
w norma i i r vsui i i . wo it i
■ n tn€n iodu
1AA
1UU
yo , i ; get a »
CO
lo/u pir i riT- cnr a i ih/) igosuu j
r-n
CU
t>q n
ii-:y u :
a i
1 D lU ii Qv s j ana si 3 tnen
nr\ f A j » _ ^ „ ii k v^i-*« i c oo
90 ill a»= n tnen iduu
AO
go
A^AA if - ak An -\ a I i V\ A *7 fi
ZJUU it cc-i-O tnen gosuc o/u
pohe jji, iu:rem iu~speea \6zt
f6
1880 goto ^U^U
: goto .j-jou
o si owes t i
D J
Qfl
y o
?*410 if Ar-66 then ansuh 680
c a
id id :
00
1AAA r . , n t nKb>t f 1 \ AnA 1 A 1 a* 1
lyuu print. cnrsi lid j spc 1 01 ;
.goto <- j 0 u
all
i jtu openi.av
1 spc3 * rvson j new a 1 rectory i y
ai
?370 if aa >?f> then 7380
uo
1 ^iTO rami f Hv«4 thf>n Dt"inl84
/n j | rvsoi i , spcD i
a 1
7330 if cc-75 then 2590
. enrs i ijj enri i c ' / unr»iiui
59
1910 gosuo o<JU:ii xs- y tnen
1 7
7a
1540 if(lrS-"Y"or ds$="v")th
run
94
2350 print#4,dn$;spc (91 ; f i $;
i-n Dtinfi4 rhr £ ( ?7t chrS ( 771 C
en pi iiiL* i ii^iii>ib'/i>iii*w/iu
DJ
iy^u print enrs i s.ui spc 1 1 .
" I s-1 " ■ trs • " Is- 1 " • se$; " I s-l "
hi ? ( 1 1
111 * V 11
laown*; , rvson j are you sure r i
• bis •" ls-1 " ■ tyf* " 1 3- 1" : f $ ( i .
jjju ii ir* ,n tnen pr lntiri.
rvsot f ) :gosuD oiurii xj 1 n
R.1 .
->» .
cnr s 1 1 / i cnr s i / <) cnr* i t £ >
then run
4p
ie
7360 orint#4 rda'91 *diHt
it JD U pr lilt •H.Spk.il'J .UJ*
QQ
l*ifiO Drint#4 ■(H*"fCA 3"18 c
e /
lyju print spcioj : laown t rvs
71
7370
r 1*7 rr i* 7 rr i* 1 1 cil"-qn
on j remenioer to reset printer
o o
73R0 if cc- >26thenprint*4 l b$
C* +J*J *J t V \ . S 1. lift i 1 1 i- — .. . J
IrvsoiIJ :ror !■! to DUU : nex
* f i S • " Ir- \ " - 1 rS - " 1 3- 1 " ■ sel • "
.11*. IS 1 . a. ' * . 13 | , 3C * ,
e /
1^70 orint#4 irtS ■ " 1 1— 1 " • hS * "
t i
Itj-I . hi * ■ " 1 1- I " • t v$ ■ " f " -
13 | .1)1*. is i .ty*. 13 | .
I 3-1 " • ids • " ls-1" - tf 1 ■ " ( s- 1 f /
AK
ly^u sys dh/jo
f £ f i 51 • bi $
h 1 k«* ■ " • fh* • " Ii— 1 " • anf
Plnb . . 1 11* . |S ) .Mil*
9f
1950 :
OIOH AA'AA4l
7?
a **
1*580 nrint#4 sdS "leg s"16 c
A "J
10<n i Ann! 11 R ca oht of ajH . i
iyou input»iD.ea. eo» . ec . ea . 1
2400 nexti
w- q * r*a A^ •* A^ Ar ^1*
af pa. ^\ IV ka. A V\ A 4r 4 t
t ea^u tnen return
49
iy
74 1 0 •
av* av 1 " ■ nn1l
19/0 print enrs ( loi ea : eos ; ec
R>
7470 if hA< 76 then fori=lto7
ainltU 11 Uv \ at. aJ 1. 1 1 1 a VI J 1 lUt
□ D
1 jyU print" 1.3(1*. 13 lilies.
; 'Ml
h-rr • or int-4 dnt -iorl541 *rii£
H i ok / " •Hi*R - " 1 1— 1 1 r 1 1— 1 Ii
flll)*/ .Ul*. |S 1 1.1 IS l sc IS
a j
t ADA „ 1 (so a DiaI i-itlal 1 *\
i you ci oseo ; c i ose i j
-n#*vti -aoto 7^40
— Ihlkli— 1 tvDli— litart fi-1 "-a
1 UIK |3 |typ|S II.- J
AA
1 OOU arts)
lyyu ena
0 f
7430 if bc=26 then 2540
nS
ed
n A A A
aD
?440 •
00
1600 print#4.3d$ "Icq. 9*16. s
04
2010 rem disk cover
c8
2450 if bc<66then fori-lto66
1 =• p q( q* ? a+ 3*3 3* 3" 3 3
ye
^U^U OpPll'l .uv
— cc : pr i nt*4 . .1 b$ : 3PC ( 36) :bj$:
+ . 3"5 . cw| " ; gn$
e5
2030 rem P rint*4.chrs(15)chr$
nexti :goto 2560
00
1610 for. i-1 to be
(27)chr$(48)
c8
2460 if bc-66 then goto 2560
c4
1620 fi$-f$fi.0) :trt-f»li.D
c6
2040 remprint*4.chrs(27)chr$
2470 if bc>66and bc<75then f
:se$-f$|i.2) :bl$-f$(i.3) :ty$
(77)chr$(l)
90
=f$(i.4)
e8
2050 jl$-"[s*]":printt4.3d$;
ori-lto75-cc:print»4. jb$:spc
17
1630 if ty$-'del"then 1660
3 P c{4) ; chr$(206) : :fori-lto62
(36) ;bj$:nexti:goto 2590
bO
1640 print#4.sd$: " [s-1 ": f i$;
: print#4, j 1$; .nexti
84
2480 if bc-75 then 2590
" Is-} " : tr$: " [s-l " ; se$; " [3-] "
f4
2060 printt4.chr$l2051 :gn$; "
f 9
2490 :
;bl$ : "[3-r';ty$ ; "[S-r':f$(i.
cut"
4a
2500 rem jacket unlisted
5) ;"l3-]":gn$
76
2070 fori-lto2:prmt#4.chrs(
ed
2510 :
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
26
C64 UTILITY
1 4
i. j i. u pr met .unii spc is) ; i sz
tit
/c
^/du it peeK i ou / 1 \ ?£ tnen pok
nout a i rectory | spc / , cdz ) ; : p
ID . CP >SZc 4 Cc. SZc. Cc . 3Z1 1 | ; 3
e /u*i . peeK ( ouo j : poKe /UD.pee
rint Spc(Jo); (CD-!1 ;
p C | y 1 ; a J *
k (807)
61
3080 print (with no start
•■J ju ion j n Oto . piiiit'f'i.aris ;
DD
-I/OU POKe oUO . ID / : POK©
aaaress.aii - some) \cbZ] ;
5pci3*ti ,u) i . next J
:print Spc(JH); ICD<il ;
hd
id yosuD o 'u i rem iota
£//<j return
*7 A
/4
joyu print track & sector.
J i
tJJU I Of lit OHU : printil . J Di ;
QC
T7QA
disk number & date. |cb2] ;
oe
juuu rein jntroQuct ion
.print spciJol; ICDtj ;
tjou yosuo odu : rem loia
ce
juiu print cnr» ( j cnr s i j i »
3100 print lspc511ist direct
1 H
•43'ti I Or 1 ~ 1 toy : print**!. ) DS ; S
icirj : i or l ~u to*tu : pr i nt ic
ory double width Ispc6 . cb2 J ;
PC l JOf :DJt:nexii
D I ; : ne xt 1 : print spc l Jd ) ; | c
: print spc (38) ; 1 cb2 ) ;
61
3110 print lspc6]or to right
A a
ia
noy u printfi : c loses
r o
juzu printspc(iu) : ror some
- left column Ispc7 , cb2 1 ;: p
31
/ouu cioseiD:goto l /uu
printers spc(ii) (cdji ;:pri
rint spc (38) ; " [cb21 ;
Ut>
1U
nt spci Joi ; icD.il :
91
3120 print' [spc41you can vie
aa
2680 rem scr/print speed
9c
3030 pr intcnrS ( 28) spc < 10) : I
w before printing.Ispc5.cb2)
b6
2690 :
rvson) remember line 130[rvso
": :print spc(38) ;"lcb2) ";
c2
2700 ck-0
ff )":spc(ll)chr$(31) ;"(cb2| "
eb
3130 print " Ispc6 , rvson 1 press
64
2710 for j-679to703:reada:ck
any key to cont inue (rvsof f ,
■ck»a : poke j , a : next
46
3040 print spc ( 38) ; " [ cb2 ) " ;
spc7.cb2)" ; ;P rint spc(38);"(
20
2720 if ck<>3615then print "c
f5
3050 print"|spc6| , '*» the op
cb21";
heck data":end
tions are **• * tspc7 . cb2 1 " ; : p
51
3140 fori-ltoSSiprinflcb)";
b6
2730 data 72.138.72,152.72.8
rint spc(38) :"(cb21 ";
: next i : print" [left) "chr $ ( 148
,166.251.240.8.160.255.136.2
de
3060 print"lspcl01print disk
) "Icbl ";
08 . 253 . 202 . 208 . 248 . 40
covers [spell , cb21 ";: print s
c2
3150 gosub 610
32
2740 data 104,168,104.170.10
pc(38) ;"Icb21":
ea
3160 return
4.76
20
3070 prinf'[spc61with or wit
1541 Fast
Loader
The 1541 disk drive has been described as the 'lumbering
Hippo' of disk drives. Speed it up with this fast loader.
By Paul Eves
Commodore 1541 disk drive is
notorious Tor being one of Che slowest
disk drives available for any computer.
It may seem silly but some of the
cassette fast loading systems for the
C64 are actually faster than this disk
drive.
The last loader program presented
here patches itself into the C64's
memory and improves on the speed of
loading.
All that you need to do is LOAD
and RUN the program "FAST
LOADER* 1 and the changes to disk
loading speed will become very
obvious.
It is worth pointing out at this stage
that the fast loader does occupy some
of the C64's memory. It is therefore
possible for some programmes to
corrupt the fast loader preventing it
from working.
Celling it all in
The program is presented here as a
Basic loader and should be typed in as
a normal Basic program. When you
have finished typing it in save it do disk
with the name "F : AST LOAD BAS".
Tvpe the following line and press
RETURN
POKE 43.0.POKE 44,16:NEW
Now LOAD the program "FAST
LOAD BAS" from your disk and
RUN it.
When you want to use the fast
loader simply load it into your C64 and
RUN it. You will told when it is
patched into the computers operating
system.
•
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
27
C64 UTILITY
Getting it in
FAST LOADER
1) Type in the BASIC program
presented here.
2) SAVE the program onto disc.
3) Type NEW .
4) Enter the following:
POKE 43,0:P0KE 44, 16: NEW
5) LOAD and RUN the program saved
in 2.
6) When finished enter the
following to SAVE the program :
P0KE43, 1:P0KE44,8;P0KE45, 192:
P0KE46, 12 : SAVE "FASTLOAD " , 3
7) The program will now be on
disk.
PROGRAM: FAST LOAD . BAS
ready .
04 1 rem ************************
bd
rem * program to set up
a7 3 rem * fast loader *
dd 4 rem * in memory *
9c 5 rem * remember to enter *
4f 6 rem * poke's before *
a8 7 rem * loading and running *
a7 8 rem * this program *
be 9 rem ***********************
6e 10 bl=75
5b
: ln=50
: sa=2049
20 for 1=0 to bl :cx-0:f or d-0
to 15: read a : cx=cx+a : poke sa
+l*16+d,a:next d
a5 30 read a: if aXcx thenprint"
error in 1 ine" : ln+ ( 1* 10) : stop
40 40 next 1 : end
2b 50 data 11.8.51.8.158,50.48,5
7 , 57 . 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 . 147 , 89 , 67 . 75 1
ba 60 data 32.70.65.83,84,45,76,
79,65,68,32,83.89,83,84,69, 11
07
c2 70 data 77,13.65,67,84,73.86.
65.84,69.68,46, 13,0,32. 32,874
6a 80 data 32.32.169.6.141.33.20
8. 162.0. 189. 14.8.240.6.32.210
. 1482
ea 90 data 255 . 232 .208 . 245 . 120 . 1
60,0. 132.251.169.224, 133.252,
177,251.145.2954
d9 100 data 251.200.208.249.230,
252 . 208 . 245 , 169 . 248 . 133 , 252 , 1
69. 191, 162,8.3175
37 110 data 133.253,134,254.177.
253 145 , 251 . 200 . 208 . 249 . 230 . 2
54, 230, 252 . 165 . 3388
04 120 data 252,201,252,144.239.
169, 229, 141. 214, 253.] 62, 34, 18
9, 156,8. 157,2800
e7 130 data 192,2,202.16.247,32.
191,8. 141.76.253, 142,77.253,1
69,219,2220
ca 140 data 162.2,141.35.229,142
,40.229.88.96,0,72.169.53, 133
. 1 , 1592
9e 150 data 104.32,111.248,72,16
9,72,141,143,2,169.235,141,14
4,2,169.1954
Of 160 data 55,133.1,104.96.0.16
9,53,133,1,76.72,235,0,169.19
2. 1489
47 170 data 162.2,141.48.3.142,4
9,3,96.120. 169,39,141.0,221,4
4, 1380
73 180 data 0.221.80.251.169.3.1
41,0,221.162,9,202.208,253,16
DISK USERS HAMHIOOK
28
C64 UTILITY
2,4,2086
04 190 data 173.0.221,10,8.10.38
, 25 1 , 40 . 38 . 25 1 . 202 . 208 . 242 . 1 8
1 , 251 , 2124
57 200 data 145.174,200.208.233.
169.23,141,0,221.165.251,96, 1
20, 169, 39. 2354
eb 210 data 141,0.221.44,0,221,8
0.251.169.3,141,0,221,162,8,2
02. 1864
36 220 data 208,253.162.4.173.0.
221, 10.8, 10,38,251,40,38,251 ,
202, 1869
67 230 data 208,242.169.23,141,0
,221,234,234.234. 165,251.96.1
33. 147. 169,2667
64 240 data 0,133,144,165,186.20
1 .8,240,3.76, 171 ,244, 164, 183.
208.3,2129
8e 250 data 76,16.247,140,230,25
1,160.0,177,187,153.231.251 .1
92,0,208.2519
d6 260 data 4,201,36.240.228.200
. 196 . 183 . 144 , 238 . 32 , 175 . 245 , 1
73.24.3.2322
dc 270 data 72.173.25.3.72.169.1
93,162.254,141.24,3.142.25.3,
169,1630
e8 280 data 130.141.13.221,169,1
,141,6.221,169.0. 141,7.221. 16
9 25 1775
29 290 data 141,15,221.169,8,141
, 15, 221 . 104. 141 , 25. 3. 104, 141 ,
24,3. 1476
83 300 data 173,21,208.133,254.1
69,0.141.21.208.169,19.162,25
0, 133.3. 2064
fe 310 data 134.4.162.0,169.3,13
4.5,133,6, 169,8.32. 12.237. 169
, 1377
28 320 data 111,32.185,237,165,1
44, 16.7.169,120.133.253,76,22
0.249,169.2294
09 330 data 77.32,221.237,169.45
, 32. ?21 .23^.169.87,32.221,237
. 165 5.2H' 7
6b 340 data 32,221,237,165.6,32.
221,237,169,29,32,221,237,160
,0,177,2176
77 350 data 3,32.221.237,200.192
, 29 . 144 . 246 . 32 , 254 . 237 . 24 . 165
,3, 105,2124
bd 360 data 29.133,3.144.3.230.4
.24. 165,5, 166,6, 105. 29, 133,5,
1184
02 370 data 144.3,232.230,6.224,
4.144.161.201.228,144.157.173
04
17
,17,208.2276
28 380 data 41.239,141.17,208,16
9.8,32,12,237, 169,111,32.185.
237. 169,2007
390 data 77.32.221.237,169.45
, 32 . 221 , 237 , 169 . 69 , 32 . 221 , 237
,169,3,2171
400 data 32,221,237.169,3,32,
221,237.32.254,237.169.7,141,
0,221,2213
36 410 data 162,0,202,208.253.13
4,253,32.63.248.201,255,240.9
0, 160, 2 . 2503
38 420 data 166,253,208.23,72,32
,63, 248. 168,32,63,248. 166 . 185
.208.4,2139
5e 430 data 164.195.165.196.13.2.
174, 133, 175, 160,4, 104,201 ,0,2
40.20, 132.2195
84 440 data 253,56.165,174,229.2
53,133.174.176,2,198.175,32.1
1,248,230,2509
450 data 175,208.196,32,63,24
8, 133. 253, 160. 0. 165, 253, 201 , 2
. 144, 10 . 2243
460 data 32,63.248,145,174.20
0,198,253,208.240.169,255. 133
.253. 152.24.2747
470 data 101,174.133,174,144.
2.230.175,173,17.208.9,16.141
,17,208.1922
480 data 165,254.141.21.208,1
73. 13.221 , 169 . 127, 141 . 13,221 ,
88. 165.253,2373
b7 490 data 208.3.76.4,247.201.1
28 , 208 , 3 , 76 . 7 , 247 , 76 . 1 69 , 245 ,
0, 1898
500 data 0,76.8,4.169,8,141,0
,24,76. 126,3. 16 2. 1 .88. 138. 102
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520 data 251,234.162.4.177.10
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10. 1566
530 data 6.20.42.10.141.0.24.
202, 208, 240. 234. 234, 234. 200. 2
08. 226 . 2229
540 data 234.234,234.169,8.14
1,0,24.96,73,255,88,133,20,16
2,1.1872
2a 550 data 138,44.0.24,240.251,
120. 169,0, 141.0.24. 138,44,0,2
4. 1357
560 data 208.251.162.4.169.0.
6.20.42.10,6,20.42.10,141,0.1
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b4
02
f 7
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
29
C64 UTILITY
no 1
14U j
74
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7
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
30
C64 UTILITY
Menu
Maker
Make the loading and running of files much easier with
this handy menu program.
en loading a program from
disk it can sometimes be quite difficult
to remember exactly how a program
should be loaded. Three months alter
writing your all-sing, all-dancing
utility, the chances of you
remembering whether it was loaded and
RUN as a Basic program, or loaded as
machine code program or started with
SYS 49152. or was it 32768?
The menu program presented here
will make life much easier. This
program will produce a menu on your
disk which when loaded and RUN as a
Basic file will offer you a menu of the
programs on the disk. Pressing the
letter next to the program that you
require will cause the program to be
loaded into the computers memory
and then executed as required.
Using the program
When RUN the MENU program will
read the filenames off the disk that is in
the drive when requested. The user can
then select which programmes he/she
wants to appear in the menu. If you
don't want a certain file in the menu
just press 'N' when prompted. II you
require a file to be present in the menu
then pressing *Y* will give you further
options, asking for the type of file, etc.
The file type can either be Basic,
press 'B' when prompted, or machine
code 'M*. If you select Basic then the
menu generator will move onto the
next program on the disk. Selecting a
By Tony Crowther
file marked with a 'B' will cause the
program to be loaded and RUN just as
you would with a normal program.
Should you press 'M* when
prompted for the file type you will then
be asked for the start address of the
machine code program. You can give
the start address either in decimal (e.g.
49152). or hexadecimal by prefixing
the number with a dollar ($) sign (e.g.
$C00(».
When you have been through allot
the program on the disk the menu
generator will save a program called
"MENU"onto the disk. Loading and
running this file will produce a menu
on screen which- you can load the
required file from simply by pressing
the relevant letter.
If you have a directory designer it is
quite useful to move the program
MENU so that it is the first in the
directory. This means that you can
load it into your computer with a
simple LOAD "*".8 command.
Other options
As well as allowing you to create a
MENU program the menu generator
also allows you to specify a colour for
the word MENU when it appears on
the screen. The option to add a line of
descriptive text to the menu also exists.
Should you ever require to check (hat
the disk in the drive is the one that you
want to add a menu to. the main menu
of the generator program offers the
facility of printing a directory listing to
the screen.
Other options
As well as allowing you to create a
MENU program the menu generator
also allows you to specify a colour for
the word MENU when it appears on
the screen. The option to add a line of
descriptive text to the menu also exists,
should you ever require to check that
the disk in the drive is the one that you
want to add a menu to, the main menu
of the generator program offers the
facility of printing a directory listing to
the screen.
Setting it in
MENU MAKER
1) Type in the BASIC program
presented here.
2) SAVE the progran onto disc.
3> Type NEW.
4) Enter the following!
POKE 43, Oi POKE 44.18iNEW
5) LOAD and RUN the program sawed
in 2.
6) When finished enter the
following to SAVE the program i
P0KE43, 1 : P0KE44 . 8 : P0KE45 . 164:
P0KE46. 17:SAVE"MENUHAKER".S
7) The program will now be on
disk-.
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
31
C64 UTILITY
PROGRAM: MENU MAKER. BAS
ae
el
45
ab
cO
13
cc
d7
e6
64
5b
d5
40
03
91
52
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1 n
15
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ae
96
44
08
18
73
00
Ob
2 rem * pronram to. set up
3 rem ' menu maker in memory
*
4 rem *
■
5 rem * remember to enter
■
6 rem * poke commands before
7 rem * loading and running
8 rem ' this program
■
9 rem •■•■»••••••••••******•*
10 bl=154 s ln-50
:Sa-2049
20 for 1-0 to bl:cx-0:for d-0
to 15:read a : cx-cx+a : poke sa
i 1" 16*d . a : next d
30 read a : if a><cx thenprint"
error in I i ne" : ln+ < 1* 10) : stop
40 next 1 :end
50 data 22.8.195.7.158.50.48.
56,48.58. 143.34.20.20.20.20.9
07
60 data 82,65.84.84.0.0.0.0.0
.0.0,0.0,0.0. 162.477
70 data 0.189.115.8.157.0.1.2
32.224. 147.208.245. 162.0. 189.
10. 1887
80 data 9.157.0.2,232.224.84.
208. 245 .169. 62. 133. 252. 169. 3.
133.2082
90 data 253.173.6,9.133.250.1
73.7.9. 133.251 . 173.8.9. 133. 24
8. 1968
100 data 173.9.9.133.249.165.
248.56.229.250. 133,254. 165.24
9.229.251.2802
110 data 133.255.165.254.24.1
05 . 61 . 1 33 . 254 . 1 65 . 255 . 105 . 3 . 1
33, 255.76. 2376
120 data 0.1.120.165.1.133.24
7. 169.0, 133. I. 160.0. 177.250. 1
45,1702
130 data 252.230.250.208.2.23
0 . 25 1 . 230 . 252 . 208 . 2 . 230 . 253 . 1
65.251 . 197,321 1
140 data 249.144.234.208.6.16
5 . 250 . 1 97 . 246 . 144 . 226 , 1 62 . 0 . 1
89.0,2.2424
150 data 24.125.2.2.133.250,1
89. 1.2.125.3.2.133.251.165.25
0, 1657
160 data 56.233,1.133.250.165
. 251 . 233.0. 133. 251 . 189 .2. 2. 13
3.252.2284
170 data 189.3,2.133.253.160.
0 . 177 . 254 , 145 . 250 . 165 . 254 . 56 .
233. 1.2275
180 data 133,254.165.255.233.
0 . 1 33 . 255 ; 165 , 250 . 56 . 233 . 1 . 13
3.250,165,2681
190 data 251.233.0.133.251.16
5.252,56.233.1.133.252. 165.25
3.233.0.2611
200 data 133.253.5.252.208.20
9. 138.56.233.4. 170.16, 160, 165
. 247. 133. 2382
210 data 1.88.76,0.16.16.9.16
4. 17.0. 16. 148.8.0.0. 186.745
220 data 142.98.23.169.147.32
. 210.255 . 169.0, 141 . 32.208. 141
.33.208.2008
6d 230 data 169.147.133.44.169,2
4. 133.45 . 169. 11 . 141 , 134.2. 169
.0, 32, 1522
d9 240 data 38.20.32.220.255.201
.49. 144. 249. 201 . 52 . 176 . 245 . 20
1 .49.240.2380
6f 250 data 10.201.50.240.3.76.1
13.16.76.250.16.169.0.141.91.
16, 1468
ff 260 data 32.97,17.160.0.185.9
2.16. 240 .6,32.210. 255 . 200 . 208
.245. 1995
58 270 data 32.228.255.201.0.240
. 249 . 76 . 4 . 16 . 0 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32
,1461
03 280 data 32.32.32,32.80.82.69
^83 . 83 . 32 . 65 . 32 . 75 . 69 . 89 . 0 , 88
CO 290 data 169.1.141,91.16.32.9
7,17.169.1,32.38,20.160.0.32.
1016
e8 300 data 207.255.201.13.240.8
.153.228.23.200.192,30.144.24
1 . 169.2.2306
7f 310 data 32 . 38 . 20 . 32 . 1 32. IB . 1
73.144.19.141.152.22.169.6.16
2.244. 1504
fc 320 data 160.16,32.109.255.16
9.8. 162.8,160.1.32.186.255.32
.192. 1857
02 330 data 255.162.8.32.201.255
.169.52.133.250.169.21.133.25
1 . 169. 38. 2298
b7 340 data 32.210.255.169.3.32.
210,255. 160.0. 177. 250. 32. 210.
255 . 230.2480
c3 350 data 250.208.2.230.251,16
5 . 25 1 . 197 . 45 . 1 44 . 237 . 208 . 6 . 16
5.250.197.2806
25 360 data 44.144.229.169.255.3
2.210.255.32.204.255.169.8.32
,195.255.2488
bb 370 data 76.4.16,64.58,77,69.
78.85. 160.0. 169. 13.32.210. 255
. 1366
0d 380 data 32.210.255.169.32.32
.210.255.32.210.255.32.210.25
5.32.210.2431
db 390 data 255.169.64.32.210.25
5.32,207.255,201, 13.240.8.153
.57,17.2168
eO 400 data 200.192.32.144.241.1
52. 162.57. 160. 17. 32. 169. 255, 1
69,13,32.2047
f7 410 data 210.255.32,232.17,76
,68. 16.234.234.234.234,234.23
4.234,234,2778
5c 420 data 234.234.234.234.234.
234.234.234.234.234.234.234.2
34.234.234.234.3744
c6 430 data 234.234.234.234,234.
234 . 234 . 234 . 234 . 234 . 234 . 234 . 2
34.234.234.234.3744
8f 440 data 169.147.32,210.255.1
69,0,133.144. 169. 1 . 162, 156, 16
0.19.32.1958
38 450 data 189.255.169.8,162.8,
160 . 0 . 32 . 186 . 255 . 32 . 192 . 255 . 1
62.8.2073
51 460 data 32.198.255.166.144.2
08.73. 32. 207. 255, 32. 207. 255, 3
2,207.255.2558
52 470 data 32.207.255.32.207.25
5 . 1 66 . 144 . 208 . 54 . 1 33 . 25 1 . 32 . 2
07. 255. 133. 2571
61 480 data 252,32.167.19.169.32
.32.210. 255.32.207.255. 166. 14
4/208.32.2212
46 490 data 170.240.6.32.210.255
.76.170.17. 169.13.32.210.255.
165. 197.2217
75 500 data 201.63.240.12.173.91
. 16. 240.3. 32. 12.18. 160.4. 208.
189.1662
If 510 data 169.13.32.210.255.32
, 204. 255. 169.8.32. 195. 255, 169
,15.32.2045
2d 520 data 195.255.169.0.32.169
.255. 169.15.162,8,160.15,32.1
86.255,2097
a4 530 data 32.192.255.162.15.32
.198.255.164.144.208.9.32.207
.255.32.2192
el 540 data 210.255.76.249.17,32
. 204 . 255 , 32 . 231 , 255 . 169 . 145 . 3
2,210.255.2627
eO 550 data 160.5,177.209.201.34
.240.3,76.110.18.169.29.133.2
11 . 169. 1944
59 560 data 63.32.210.255.32,204
, 255 , 32 . 228 . 255 , 201 . 3 , 240 , 16 .
201 .89.2316
48 570 data 240.19.201.78.208.24
1.169,3.32,38.20,76.105.18.17
4.98.1720
b9 580 data 23.154.76.4.16.169.4
. 32 , 38 , 20 . 32 . 228 , 255 . 20 1 . 77 , 2
40.1569
aO 590 data 33.201,66.208.245.16
9.5.32.38.20.169.0,141, 145.19
. 141 . 1632
d9 600 data 144.19.32.14.19.76.1
05.16.162.8.32.198.255.169.13
.76. 1340
26 610 data 210,255.169.6.32.38.
20.32. 132.18.32. 14. 19.32. 100,
19. 1128
9a 620 data 76.105,18.160.0.32.2
07 . 255 , 201 . 1 3. 240 . 8 , 153 . I 24 , 1
9.200. 1811
54 630 data 192.5.144.241,173,12
4, 19,201 .36.240.53.169.0. 141 .
144. 19. 1901
3b 640 data 141.145.19.170.136.1
85. 124. 19.72. 201 .49, 144. 26. 17
3.144.19.1767
01 650 data 24 . 1 ?5 . 1 34 . 19 . 1 4 1 . 14
4. 19,173. 145. 19, 125, 135. 19. 14
1.145.19.1527
45 660 data 104.56.233.1.76.169.
18. 104, 232. 232. 136, 16. 216.76,
13, 19, 1701
aa 670 data 136.169,0.141.144,19
. 141 , 145 . 19 . 162.0. 185. 124. 19.
201 .59. 1664
3c 680 data 144.3,56.233.7.72.20
1 . 49 . 1 44 . 26 . 173 . 144 . 19 . 24 . 1 25
. 148.1568
e8 690 data 19.141.144.19.173,14
5,19.125.149.19,141,145.19.10
4.56.233,1651
e6 700 data 1,76.230,18.136.104.
232.232. 19?. 1 ,176.207.96.160.
0,140.2001
3b 710 data 147.19.177.209.200.2
01.34,208.249.140.146.19.172.
146. 19. 177. 2263
36 720 data 209.201.34.240.21.20
1 . 32 . 176 . 3 , 24 . 105 . 64 . 172 . 1 47 .
19,145,1793
38 730 data 44.230.146.19.238.14
7. 19.76.29. 19. 169.0.172. 147.1
9, 145. 1627
35 740 data 44 . 238 . 147 . 1 9 . 2 >8 . 14
7.19.238, 147.19.200.173.144.1
9. 145.44. 1981
dc 750 data 200. 173. 145 . 19 . 145 . 4
4 . 165 , 44 . 24 . 1 09 . 1 47 . 19 . 1 33 . 44
, 144.2. 1557
93 760 data 230.45.96.169.29.133
,211.32.238.19.169.32,32.210,
255.32.1932
95 770 data 210.255.32.210.255.3
2.210. 255 . 76 . 2 10 . 255 . 234 . 234 .
234. 234. 234.3170
67 780 data 234.234.234.234.234.
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
32
C64 UTILITY
1.0.10.0.100.0.232.3.16.39.0.
1571
33 790 data 0.0.0.1.0.16.0.0.1.0
,16,36. 16. 39. 232, 3, 360
b3 800 data 100.0.10,0.1.0.160.0
. 140.37.20. 162.0, 165.251.232.
1278
56 610 data 56.249.157.19.133.25
1 . 1 65 . 252 . 249 . 156 . 1 9 . 1 33 . 252 .
16.238, 165.2512
99 620 data 251.202.24.121.157.1
9.133.251.165.252.121.158. 19.
133.252.138,2396
24 830 data 24.105.48.201.48.208
.9. 192,8,240.5.174.37.20.240,
6. 1565
6f 840 data 238.37.20.32.210.255
.200.200.192.10.144.191.96.16
2,0. 142.2129
61 850 data 143.24.160.8.162.0.1
73. 144. 19 .56 .249 . 1 34 , 19 . 14 1 . 1
44.19.1595
14 860 data 173.145.19.249.135 1
9.144.6.141,145.19.232.16.232
.173.144.1992
ca 670 data 19.24.121.134.19.141
,144.19. 138.24, 105.48.32,210.
255. 136. 1569
72 880 data 136.16,209.96.0.10.1
70.189.66.20.141,55.20.189.67
.20.1404
05 890 data 141.56.20.160.0,165,
255 . 255 . 240 , 6 . 32 . 21 0 . 255 , 200 .
208.245.2468
6f 900 data 96,80.20,224.20.4.21
. 24 . 2 1 . 28 . 21 , 34 . 2 1 . 44 . 2 1 , 32 . 7
11
91 910 data 32.32.32.32.32.32.32
. 32 . 32 . 77 . 69 . 78 , 85 , 32 . 77 . 65 . 7
71
08 920 data 75.69.82.13.13.32.32
. 32 . 32 , 32 , 32 . 32 . 32 , 32 . 70 . 79 . 6
89
aa 930 data 82 . 32 .66 . 73 . B3. 75 . 32
.85,83,69,82.13.32.32.32.32.9
05
4e 940 data 32.32.32.32.32.40.67
, 4 1 . 32 . 49 . 57 . 56 . 55 . 32 . 82 . 65 . 7
36
ce 950 data 84 . H4 . 1 3 . 13 . 3 3 . 1 3 . 32
. 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 40 . 5
48
12 960 data 49.41.32.60.73.82.69
.67,64.79.62.09.13.13.32.32.9
05
ed 970 data 32.32.32.32.32.32.32
.40,50.41.32.68.79.83.32.67.7
16
95 980 data 79 '.77 . 77 . 65 . 78 . 68 . 1 3
. 1 3 . 32 , 32 , 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 7
26
ca 990 data 32,40.51.41.32.77.65
. 75 . 69 . 32 , 77 . 69 . 78 . 85 . 0 , 1 3 . 83
6
5b 1000 data 73.78.80.65.84.32.7
7.69.83.83.65.71 .69.32.63.32.
1076
6b 1010 data 68.73,83.75.32.85.8
3.69,02. 157. 157. 157, 157. 157. 1
57.157.1749
4c 1020 data* 157.157.0.13.73.78.
80 . 85 . 84 . 32 . 67 . 79 , 76 . 79 . 85 . 82
.1227
29 1030 data 32.32.63.32.50.157.
0. 20.78.79.0.20.66.58.77.63.8
27
72 1040 data 0.20.20.20.20.66.65
. 83 . 73 . 67 . 0 , 20 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 65 . ■ .7
9
f9 1050 data 63.32.0.54.3.237.24
6 . 62 . 24 1 . 47 . 243 . 102 . 254 , 165 . 2
44.237.2230
54 1060 data 245.120.169.120.169
.202.141 .38.3,169.241. 141.39.
3, eB. 169.2057
bO 1070 data 0.133.250.169.32.13
3.251.169.103.133.252.169.3,1
33.253. 160.2343
Bd 1080 data 0,162.7.177.252.145
. 250 . 200 . 208 . 249 . 230 . 25 1 . 230 .
253. 202. 16, 2832
bd 1090 data 242.76.0.32.169.0.1
41 .32.208.141.33.208. 141.0,6.
133. 1564
d6 1100 data 198.104.104,104.104
. 104. 104. 162.0. 169.32. 157.0.4
.157.250. 1753
fa 1110 data 4.157.244,5.157.238
.6. 169, 3, 157.0.216. 157, 250. 21
6.157.2136
14 1120 data 244.217,157.238.218
. 202 . 206 . 225 . 32 . 32 . 33 . 32 . 1 20 .
33.32.236.2261
cb 1130 data 33.32.153.34.120.16
9.54. 141.20.3.169.33.141.21.3
.88. 1214
ab 1140 data 32.228.255,240.251.
56.233.65.141.27.35.32.229.34
.176.240.2274
d9 1150 data 120.169,49.141.20.3
.169.234.141.21.3.88.169.255.
133.157.1872
c5 1160 data 166.252,164.253.173
,228,34.32. 189,255.169.8.162.
8.160,1.2254
20 1170 data 32.186,255.173.228.
34 . 24 . 105 . 1 . 1 66 . 1 77 . 252 . 1 4 1 . 1
92.32.200.2200
2* 1180 data 177.252.141.193.32.
13. 192.32.208.5. 169.44. 141 . 19
1 . 32. 162. 1984
fd 1190 data 45,189.174.32.157.6
4.3.202.16.247.169.147.32.210
.255.76,2018
25 1200 data 64.3,169.0.162,255,
160.255.32.213.255. 134.45.134
.47. 132. 2060
60 1210 data 46.132.48.76.255.25
5. 169.62. 141. 119.2. 169.85. 141
. 120.2.1842
60 1220 data 169.78.141.121.2.16
9.13,141.122.2,169.4,133.198.
96, 169. 1727
f6 1230 data 236.141.0.4.169.251
. 141 ,39.4. 169.226. 162.37. 157,
1.4. 1741
4c 1240 data 202.16.250.169,40.1
33.250.169.4.133,251.162.4.16
0.0. 169.2112
4a 1250 data 97.145.250.160.39.1
69.225. 145.250.32.216.34.202.
16,238.162.2380
41 1260 data 37.169.98.157.241.4
.202. 36 .250. 169 . 252 . 14 1 . 240 . 4
. 169.254.2403
eb 1270 data 14 1 . 23 . 5 . 96 . 162 . U . 1
69. 2. 157,0, 216. 157. 24.216 . 169
.32. 1569
aO 1280 data 157.0.4.157.24,4.20
2.206.237.96. 173.236.33.238.2
36. 33.2036
e4 1290 data 41.63.208.6.32.219.
32.76.77.33.201.32.208.3.32.8
0. 1343
25 1300 data 33.76.49.234,169.40
. 133.250.169.4. 133,251. 162.39
.169.32.1943
c4 1310 data 157.0.4.157.240.4.2
02. 16,247.162.4. 169.32. 160.0,
145,1699 .
f8 1320 data 250.160.39.145.250,
32 . 2 1 6 . 34 . 202 . 16 . 240 . 96 . 169 , 2
16. 141 . 149.2355
bb 1330 data 3 3.169.33.141.150.3
3.160.0,169.0.72. 169.45. 133.2
50. 169, 1726
31 1340 data 4.133.251.169.0.72,
162. 7. 173. 255. 255. 61. 208. 33. 2
40.4.2027
05 1350 data 169.160.145,250.200
.202.16.240.32.216.34.152.56.
233.8.166.2261
2e 1360 data 173.149.33.24.105.1
. 341 . 149. 33. 144.3.238. 150. 33,
104.24.1504
4b 1370 data 105.1.201.5,144.207
. 15 2 . 24 . 1 05 . 7 . 168 , 104 . 24 . 1 05 .
1 .201 .1554
53 1380 data 4,144.183.96.1.2.4.
6. 16 .32,64. 126. 1 98 . 238 . 254 . 21
4 . 1506
aO 1390 data 198,126.96.120.96,1
26. 1U2. 118. 126. 1 10. 102. 102. 10
2. 102. 102.60. 1788
a5 1400 data 0.0.169.64.162.39.1
57.24.5.157.104.5.157.152,7.2
02. 1404
86 1410 data 16 . 244 . 160 . 0 . 185 . 1 1
1 . 34 . 240 . 9 . 4 1 . 63 . 15 3 . 64 . 5 . 200
.76 . 1601
64 1420 data 0.34.162,12.169.144
,133.250.169.5.133.251.169.1.
141 . 152. 1925
d3 1130 data 34.160.0.169.93.145
.250. 160.20, 145.250.160.19. 14
5. 250. 160.2160
d4 1440 data 39.145.250.160.2.16
9.56.145.250.160.22.145.250.1
73. 152.34. 2154
ba 1450 data 160.1.145.250.24.10
5.13.160.21. 145.250.238.152.3
4.32.216. 1946
56 1460 data 34 . 202 . 16 . 2U5 . 169 . 1
14.141 . 104.5. 141. 123.5. 141. 12
4.5. 141 , 1670
76 1470 data 143.5.169.74.141,15
2.7. 141, 172.7. 169.75.141. 171 .
7, 141 . 1715
12 1480 data 191.7.96.32.32.32.3
2.32.32.32.32.32.32.32.32.32.
710
b4 1490 data 32.32,32.32.32.32.3
2 , 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 32 . 40 .
520
62 1500 data 67.41.49.57.56.55.3
2.82.65.64.64.0.0, 169. 147. 133
.1121
e7 1510 data 250.169.5.333.251.1
69 . 0 . 14 1 . 27 . 35 , 32 . 229 . 34 . 176 .
44. 160. 1855
6o 1520 data 0.177.252.41.63.145
. 250 . 200 . 204 . 228 . 34 . 144 . 244 . 3
2.216.34.2264
9e 1530 data 238.27.35.173.27.35
.201 . 13. 144.224.208. 11 . 169. 16
7.133.250.2055
d* 1540 data 169.5.133.251.173.2
7. 35, 201 . 26 . 144.207.96. 165. 25
0. 24. 105 . 2011
fl 1550 data 40.133.250.144.2.23
0 . 25 I .96.0. 169,30, 133. 252 . 169
,35, 133.2067
aa 1560 data 253.162.0.160.0.177
, 252 , 20 1 . 255 . 240 . 31 . 200 . 20 1 . 0
.208. 245 . 2565
b4 1570 data 136.340.228.34.236.
27. 35 . 240 . 19 . 152. 24. 105. 3. 24.
101.252.1756
lb 1580 data 133.252.144.2.230,2
53.232. 76 . 239 . 34 . 56 . 96 . 24 . 96 .
0,0, 1867
94 1590 data 3 48.24.0.0.0.0.0.0.
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.172
DISK USKKS HANDBOOK
Disk Command Summary
To send a command to the disk drive use :
OPEN 1 , 8 f 15, "conand" : CLOSE 15
LOAD
LOAD "file", 6
LOAD to start of Basic.
LOAD "file", 8.1
LOAD file to address
which it was saved fron.
DLOAD "file"
LOAD basic file in
Basic 7.0.
BLOAD "file",Bbank,Pstart address
Load file to different
address. Basic 7.0 only.
BOOT "file"
Load and execute file
(Basic 7)
SAVE
SAVE 1
•file". 8
Save a Basic
f i le.
DSAVE
"file"
Save a Basic
file in
Basic 7.0.
BSAVE
"file",Bbank,Ps TO Pe
Save code in
Basic 7.0
vherei
a * Start address;
e » End address.
F-ILE ACCESS
OPENf i le-no.8.cannal-no, "0:
Open disk file where:
f ile-naae, fi le-type, direction"
File-type » P.S.R etc.
Direction = R for read or
W for write.
DOPENtff i le-no, "file-name".
Open disk file
(Basic 7.0>
Ddrive-no, Uun it-no. W
NB. W only needed for
write.
CLOSEf 1 le-no
Close open file
DCLOSEtffi le-no
Close file (Basic 7.0)
PRINTHfi le-no, data
Send data to file.
GET*f i le-no, variable
Get data from file.
INPUTHf i le-no. variable
Input data from file.
DIRECT ACCESS
"B-A" i 0-, track-no i sector-no
Mark track/sector as
used .
"B-F";0; trac k -no ; sector-no
Mark track/sector as
free.
"B-E" ; channel -no; 0; track-no i
Execute code at
sector-no
track/sector.
"B-P" (channel -no j byte
Move to byte in disk
buffer.
"Ul "[ channel -noj 0; track-no;
Read track/sector into
sector-no •
buffer.
"U2" ; channe 1 -no ; O; track -no;
Write buffer to
sector-no
track/ sector .
"M-R"CHRa ( address- lo )CHRS
Read disk memory at
(address-hl )CHR«(no of bytes)
address.
"M-W"CHR«(address-lo)CHR«
Write to disk meaory
at
(address-hi)CHRa(no of bytes)
address
CHRe<data)CHR«(data)etc.
"H-E"CHRe( address- lo)CHR»
Execute machine code
in
(address-hi >
drive at address.
DISK USERS HANDBOOK
:t4
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